Practical Indicators for Risk of Airborne Transmission in Shared Indoor Environments and Their Application to COVID-19 Outbreaks

Some infectious diseases, including COVID-19, can undergo airborne transmission. This may happen at close proximity, but as time indoors increases, infections can occur in shared room air despite distancing. We propose two indicators of infection risk for this situation, that is, relative risk param...

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Autores: Peng, Z., Rojas, A. L. Pineda, Kropff, E., Bahnfleth, William, Buonanno, G., Dancer, Stephanie J., Kurnitski, J., Li, Y., Loomans, M. G. L. C., Marr, L C, Morawska, L., Nazaroff, W., Noakes, C., Querol, Xavier, Sekhar, C., Tellier, R., Greenhalgh, T., Bourouiba, L., Boerstra, A., Tang, J. W., Miller, S. L., Jiménez, J. L.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/259515
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/259515
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85122757483
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:COVID-19
Airborne transmission
Risk assessment
Indoor air
Outbreaks
Mitigation
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spelling Practical Indicators for Risk of Airborne Transmission in Shared Indoor Environments and Their Application to COVID-19 OutbreaksPeng, Z.Rojas, A. L. PinedaKropff, E.Bahnfleth, WilliamBuonanno, G.Dancer, Stephanie J.Kurnitski, J.Li, Y.Loomans, M. G. L. C.Marr, L CMorawska, L.Nazaroff, W.Noakes, C.Querol, XavierSekhar, C.Tellier, R.Greenhalgh, T.Bourouiba, L.Boerstra, A.Tang, J. W.Miller, S. L.Jiménez, J. L.COVID-19Airborne transmissionRisk assessmentIndoor airOutbreaksMitigationSome infectious diseases, including COVID-19, can undergo airborne transmission. This may happen at close proximity, but as time indoors increases, infections can occur in shared room air despite distancing. We propose two indicators of infection risk for this situation, that is, relative risk parameter (Hr) and risk parameter (H). They combine the key factors that control airborne disease transmission indoors: virus-containing aerosol generation rate, breathing flow rate, masking and its quality, ventilation and aerosol-removal rates, number of occupants, and duration of exposure. COVID-19 outbreaks show a clear trend that is consistent with airborne infection and enable recommendations to minimize transmission risk. Transmission in typical prepandemic indoor spaces is highly sensitive to mitigation efforts. Previous outbreaks of measles, influenza, and tuberculosis were also assessed. Measles outbreaks occur at much lower risk parameter values than COVID-19, while tuberculosis outbreaks are observed at higher risk parameter values. Because both diseases are accepted as airborne, the fact that COVID-19 is less contagious than measles does not rule out airborne transmission. It is important that future outbreak reports include information on masking, ventilation and aerosol-removal rates, number of occupants, and duration of exposure, to investigate airborne transmission.Z.P. and J.L.J. were partially supported by NSF AGS-1822664. T.G. was supported by ESRC ES/V010069/1. L.B. acknowledges CIHR and Fields, and NSF.Peer reviewedAmerican Chemical Society0000-0002-6823-452X0000-0003-3628-68910000-0002-0594-96830000-0001-5645-33570000-0002-1967-75510000-0001-6203-1847Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202220222022info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/259515https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85122757483reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésEnvironmental science & technologyhttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c06531Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2595152026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Practical Indicators for Risk of Airborne Transmission in Shared Indoor Environments and Their Application to COVID-19 Outbreaks
title Practical Indicators for Risk of Airborne Transmission in Shared Indoor Environments and Their Application to COVID-19 Outbreaks
spellingShingle Practical Indicators for Risk of Airborne Transmission in Shared Indoor Environments and Their Application to COVID-19 Outbreaks
Peng, Z.
COVID-19
Airborne transmission
Risk assessment
Indoor air
Outbreaks
Mitigation
title_short Practical Indicators for Risk of Airborne Transmission in Shared Indoor Environments and Their Application to COVID-19 Outbreaks
title_full Practical Indicators for Risk of Airborne Transmission in Shared Indoor Environments and Their Application to COVID-19 Outbreaks
title_fullStr Practical Indicators for Risk of Airborne Transmission in Shared Indoor Environments and Their Application to COVID-19 Outbreaks
title_full_unstemmed Practical Indicators for Risk of Airborne Transmission in Shared Indoor Environments and Their Application to COVID-19 Outbreaks
title_sort Practical Indicators for Risk of Airborne Transmission in Shared Indoor Environments and Their Application to COVID-19 Outbreaks
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Peng, Z.
Rojas, A. L. Pineda
Kropff, E.
Bahnfleth, William
Buonanno, G.
Dancer, Stephanie J.
Kurnitski, J.
Li, Y.
Loomans, M. G. L. C.
Marr, L C
Morawska, L.
Nazaroff, W.
Noakes, C.
Querol, Xavier
Sekhar, C.
Tellier, R.
Greenhalgh, T.
Bourouiba, L.
Boerstra, A.
Tang, J. W.
Miller, S. L.
Jiménez, J. L.
author Peng, Z.
author_facet Peng, Z.
Rojas, A. L. Pineda
Kropff, E.
Bahnfleth, William
Buonanno, G.
Dancer, Stephanie J.
Kurnitski, J.
Li, Y.
Loomans, M. G. L. C.
Marr, L C
Morawska, L.
Nazaroff, W.
Noakes, C.
Querol, Xavier
Sekhar, C.
Tellier, R.
Greenhalgh, T.
Bourouiba, L.
Boerstra, A.
Tang, J. W.
Miller, S. L.
Jiménez, J. L.
author_role author
author2 Rojas, A. L. Pineda
Kropff, E.
Bahnfleth, William
Buonanno, G.
Dancer, Stephanie J.
Kurnitski, J.
Li, Y.
Loomans, M. G. L. C.
Marr, L C
Morawska, L.
Nazaroff, W.
Noakes, C.
Querol, Xavier
Sekhar, C.
Tellier, R.
Greenhalgh, T.
Bourouiba, L.
Boerstra, A.
Tang, J. W.
Miller, S. L.
Jiménez, J. L.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv 0000-0002-6823-452X
0000-0003-3628-6891
0000-0002-0594-9683
0000-0001-5645-3357
0000-0002-1967-7551
0000-0001-6203-1847
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv COVID-19
Airborne transmission
Risk assessment
Indoor air
Outbreaks
Mitigation
topic COVID-19
Airborne transmission
Risk assessment
Indoor air
Outbreaks
Mitigation
description Some infectious diseases, including COVID-19, can undergo airborne transmission. This may happen at close proximity, but as time indoors increases, infections can occur in shared room air despite distancing. We propose two indicators of infection risk for this situation, that is, relative risk parameter (Hr) and risk parameter (H). They combine the key factors that control airborne disease transmission indoors: virus-containing aerosol generation rate, breathing flow rate, masking and its quality, ventilation and aerosol-removal rates, number of occupants, and duration of exposure. COVID-19 outbreaks show a clear trend that is consistent with airborne infection and enable recommendations to minimize transmission risk. Transmission in typical prepandemic indoor spaces is highly sensitive to mitigation efforts. Previous outbreaks of measles, influenza, and tuberculosis were also assessed. Measles outbreaks occur at much lower risk parameter values than COVID-19, while tuberculosis outbreaks are observed at higher risk parameter values. Because both diseases are accepted as airborne, the fact that COVID-19 is less contagious than measles does not rule out airborne transmission. It is important that future outbreak reports include information on masking, ventilation and aerosol-removal rates, number of occupants, and duration of exposure, to investigate airborne transmission.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2022
2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/259515
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85122757483
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/259515
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85122757483
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Environmental science & technology
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c06531
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Chemical Society
publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Chemical Society
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,811543

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