Defining Post-COVID Symptoms (Post-Acute COVID, Long COVID, Persistent Post-COVID): An Integrative Classification

The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has provoked a second pandemic, the “long-haulers”, i.e., individuals presenting with post-COVID symptoms. We propose that to determine the presence of post-COVID symptoms, symptoms should appear after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection; how...

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Autores: Fernández de las Peñas, César, Palacios Ceña, Domingo, Gómez Mayordomo, Víctor, Cuadrado Pérez, María De La Luz, Florencio, Lidiane L.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
Repositorio:Docta Complutense
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/6924
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/6924
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:COVID-19
Long COVID
Persistent
Symptoms
Classification
Definition
Medicina
Inmunología
32 Ciencias Médicas
2412 Inmunología
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network_name_str España
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spelling Defining Post-COVID Symptoms (Post-Acute COVID, Long COVID, Persistent Post-COVID): An Integrative ClassificationFernández de las Peñas, CésarPalacios Ceña, DomingoGómez Mayordomo, VíctorCuadrado Pérez, María De La LuzFlorencio, Lidiane L.COVID-19Long COVIDPersistentSymptomsClassificationDefinitionMedicinaInmunología32 Ciencias Médicas2412 InmunologíaThe pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has provoked a second pandemic, the “long-haulers”, i.e., individuals presenting with post-COVID symptoms. We propose that to determine the presence of post-COVID symptoms, symptoms should appear after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, this situation has some problems due to the fact that not all people infected by SARS-CoV-2 receive such diagnosis. Based on relapsing/remitting nature of post-COVID symptoms, the following integrative classification is proposed: potentially infection related-symptoms (up to 4–5 weeks), acute post-COVID symptoms (from week 5 to week 12), long post-COVID symptoms (from week 12 to week 24), and persistent post-COVID symptoms (lasting more than 24 weeks). The most important topic is to establish the time reference points. The classification also integrates predisposing intrinsic and extrinsic factors and hospitalization data which could promote post-COVID symptoms. The plethora of symptoms affecting multiple systems exhibited by “long-haulers” suggests the presence of different underlying mechanisms.MPDIUniversidad Complutense de Madrid20212021-03-0520212021-03-05journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/6924reponame:Docta Complutenseinstname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Atribución 3.0 Españahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/69242026-06-02T12:44:21Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Defining Post-COVID Symptoms (Post-Acute COVID, Long COVID, Persistent Post-COVID): An Integrative Classification
title Defining Post-COVID Symptoms (Post-Acute COVID, Long COVID, Persistent Post-COVID): An Integrative Classification
spellingShingle Defining Post-COVID Symptoms (Post-Acute COVID, Long COVID, Persistent Post-COVID): An Integrative Classification
Fernández de las Peñas, César
COVID-19
Long COVID
Persistent
Symptoms
Classification
Definition
Medicina
Inmunología
32 Ciencias Médicas
2412 Inmunología
title_short Defining Post-COVID Symptoms (Post-Acute COVID, Long COVID, Persistent Post-COVID): An Integrative Classification
title_full Defining Post-COVID Symptoms (Post-Acute COVID, Long COVID, Persistent Post-COVID): An Integrative Classification
title_fullStr Defining Post-COVID Symptoms (Post-Acute COVID, Long COVID, Persistent Post-COVID): An Integrative Classification
title_full_unstemmed Defining Post-COVID Symptoms (Post-Acute COVID, Long COVID, Persistent Post-COVID): An Integrative Classification
title_sort Defining Post-COVID Symptoms (Post-Acute COVID, Long COVID, Persistent Post-COVID): An Integrative Classification
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Fernández de las Peñas, César
Palacios Ceña, Domingo
Gómez Mayordomo, Víctor
Cuadrado Pérez, María De La Luz
Florencio, Lidiane L.
author Fernández de las Peñas, César
author_facet Fernández de las Peñas, César
Palacios Ceña, Domingo
Gómez Mayordomo, Víctor
Cuadrado Pérez, María De La Luz
Florencio, Lidiane L.
author_role author
author2 Palacios Ceña, Domingo
Gómez Mayordomo, Víctor
Cuadrado Pérez, María De La Luz
Florencio, Lidiane L.
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Complutense de Madrid
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv COVID-19
Long COVID
Persistent
Symptoms
Classification
Definition
Medicina
Inmunología
32 Ciencias Médicas
2412 Inmunología
topic COVID-19
Long COVID
Persistent
Symptoms
Classification
Definition
Medicina
Inmunología
32 Ciencias Médicas
2412 Inmunología
description The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has provoked a second pandemic, the “long-haulers”, i.e., individuals presenting with post-COVID symptoms. We propose that to determine the presence of post-COVID symptoms, symptoms should appear after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, this situation has some problems due to the fact that not all people infected by SARS-CoV-2 receive such diagnosis. Based on relapsing/remitting nature of post-COVID symptoms, the following integrative classification is proposed: potentially infection related-symptoms (up to 4–5 weeks), acute post-COVID symptoms (from week 5 to week 12), long post-COVID symptoms (from week 12 to week 24), and persistent post-COVID symptoms (lasting more than 24 weeks). The most important topic is to establish the time reference points. The classification also integrates predisposing intrinsic and extrinsic factors and hospitalization data which could promote post-COVID symptoms. The plethora of symptoms affecting multiple systems exhibited by “long-haulers” suggests the presence of different underlying mechanisms.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2021-03-05
2021
2021-03-05
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/6924
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/6924
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución 3.0 España
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución 3.0 España
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MPDI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MPDI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docta Complutense
instname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
instname_str Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
reponame_str Docta Complutense
collection Docta Complutense
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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