Gamma-ray flares from the jet of the blazar CTA 102 in 2016–2018

Kim, S. et al.-- Full list of authors: Sanghyun Kim, Sang-Sung Lee, Juan Carlos Algaba, Bindu Rani, Jongho Park, Hyeon-Woo Jeong, Whee Yeon Cheong, Filippo D'Ammando, Anne Lähteenmäki, Merja Tornikoski, Joni Tammi, Venkatessh Ramakrishnan, Iván Agudo, Carolina Casadio, Juan Escudero, Antonio Fu...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Kim, S., Agudo, Iván, Escudero, Juan, Fuentes, Antonio, Traianou, E.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/383567
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/383567
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Gamma rays: galaxies
Galaxies: active
Galaxies: jets
Quasars: individual: CTA 102
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oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/383567
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network_name_str España
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Gamma-ray flares from the jet of the blazar CTA 102 in 2016–2018
title Gamma-ray flares from the jet of the blazar CTA 102 in 2016–2018
spellingShingle Gamma-ray flares from the jet of the blazar CTA 102 in 2016–2018
Kim, S.
Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Gamma rays: galaxies
Galaxies: active
Galaxies: jets
Quasars: individual: CTA 102
title_short Gamma-ray flares from the jet of the blazar CTA 102 in 2016–2018
title_full Gamma-ray flares from the jet of the blazar CTA 102 in 2016–2018
title_fullStr Gamma-ray flares from the jet of the blazar CTA 102 in 2016–2018
title_full_unstemmed Gamma-ray flares from the jet of the blazar CTA 102 in 2016–2018
title_sort Gamma-ray flares from the jet of the blazar CTA 102 in 2016–2018
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Kim, S.
Agudo, Iván
Escudero, Juan
Fuentes, Antonio
Traianou, E.
author Kim, S.
author_facet Kim, S.
Agudo, Iván
Escudero, Juan
Fuentes, Antonio
Traianou, E.
author_role author
author2 Agudo, Iván
Escudero, Juan
Fuentes, Antonio
Traianou, E.
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv NASA
National Science Foundation (US)
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
European Research Council
National Research Foundation of Korea
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Gamma rays: galaxies
Galaxies: active
Galaxies: jets
Quasars: individual: CTA 102
topic Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Gamma rays: galaxies
Galaxies: active
Galaxies: jets
Quasars: individual: CTA 102
description Kim, S. et al.-- Full list of authors: Sanghyun Kim, Sang-Sung Lee, Juan Carlos Algaba, Bindu Rani, Jongho Park, Hyeon-Woo Jeong, Whee Yeon Cheong, Filippo D'Ammando, Anne Lähteenmäki, Merja Tornikoski, Joni Tammi, Venkatessh Ramakrishnan, Iván Agudo, Carolina Casadio, Juan Escudero, Antonio Fuentes, Efthalia Traianou, Ioannis Myserlis, Clemens Thum
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/383567
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/383567
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2022-139117NB-C44
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101040021
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450003
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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spelling Gamma-ray flares from the jet of the blazar CTA 102 in 2016–2018Kim, S.Agudo, IvánEscudero, JuanFuentes, AntonioTraianou, E.Radiation mechanisms: non-thermalGamma rays: galaxiesGalaxies: activeGalaxies: jetsQuasars: individual: CTA 102Kim, S. et al.-- Full list of authors: Sanghyun Kim, Sang-Sung Lee, Juan Carlos Algaba, Bindu Rani, Jongho Park, Hyeon-Woo Jeong, Whee Yeon Cheong, Filippo D'Ammando, Anne Lähteenmäki, Merja Tornikoski, Joni Tammi, Venkatessh Ramakrishnan, Iván Agudo, Carolina Casadio, Juan Escudero, Antonio Fuentes, Efthalia Traianou, Ioannis Myserlis, Clemens ThumCTA 102 is a γ-ray bright blazar that exhibited multiple flares in observations by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope during the period of 2016-2018. We present results from the analysis of multi-wavelength light curves aiming at revealing the nature of γ-ray flares from the relativistic jet in the blazar. We analyse radio, optical, X-ray, and γ-ray data obtained in a period from 2012 September 29 to 2018 October 8. We identify six flares in the γ-ray light curve, showing a harder-when-brighter-trend in the γ-ray spectra. We perform a cross-correlation analysis of the multi-wavelength light curves. We find nearly zero time lags between the γ-ray and optical and X-ray light curves, implying a common spatial origin for the emission in these bands. We find significant correlations between the γ-ray and radio light curves as well as negative/positive time lags with the γ-ray emission lagging/leading the radio during different flaring periods. The time lags between γ-ray and radio emission propose the presence of multiple γ-ray emission sites in the source. As seen in 43 GHz images from the Very Long Baseline Array, two moving disturbances (or shocks) were newly ejected from the radio core. The γ-ray flares from 2016 to 2017 are temporally coincident with the interaction between a traveling shock and a quasi-stationary one at ∼0.1 mas from the core. The other shock is found to emerge from the core nearly simultaneous with the γ-ray flare in 2018. Our results suggest that the γ-ray flares originated from shock-shock interactions © The Authors 2025We thank the anonymous referee for useful comments that helped improve this manuscript. This research has made use of data from the OVRO 40-m monitoring program (Richards, J. L. et al. 2011, ApJS, 194, 29), supported by private funding from the California Institute of Technology and the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, and by NASA grants NNX08AW31G, NNX11A043G, and NNX14AQ89G and NSF grants AST0808050 and AST- 1109911. This publication makes use of data obtained at the Metsähovi Radio Observatory, operated by Aalto University in Finland. The IAA-CSIC group acknowledges financial support from the grant CEX2021- 001131-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 to the “Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC". Acquisition and reduction of the POLAMI data was supported in part by MICIN through grants PID2019-107847RB-C44 abd PID2022-139117NB-C44. The POLAMI observations were carried out at the IRAM 30m Telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain). CC acknowledges support by the European Research Council (ERC) under the HORIZON ERC Grants 2021 programme under grant agreement No. 101040021. The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. We recognize that Maunakea is a culturally important site for the indigenous Hawaiian people; we are privileged to study the cosmos from its summit. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2011.0.00001.CAL. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. This study makes use of VLBA data from the VLBA-BU Blazar Monitoring Program (BEAM-ME and VLBA-BU-BLAZAR; http://www.bu.edu/blazars/BEAM-ME.html), funded by NASA through the Fermi Guest Investigator Program. The VLBA is an instrument of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated by Associated Universities, Inc. Data from the Steward Observatory spectropolarimetric monitoring project were used. This program is supported by Fermi Guest Investigator grants NNX08AW56G, NNX09AU10G, NNX12AO93G, and NNX15AU81G. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MIST) (2020R1A2C2009003). This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT; RS-2024-00449206). This research has been supported by the POSCO Science Fellowship of POSCO TJ Park Foundation.Peer reviewedEDP SciencesNASANational Science Foundation (US)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)European Research CouncilNational Research Foundation of KoreaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/383567reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-107847RB-C44info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2022-139117NB-C44info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101040021http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450003Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3835672026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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