X-ray polarization measurement of the gold standard of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei: NGC 1068
Marin, F. et al.--Full list of authors: Marin, F.; Marinucci, A.; Laurenti, M.; Kim, D. E.; Barnouin, T.; Di Marco, A.; Ursini, F.; Bianchi, S.; Ravi, S.; Marshall, H. L.; Matt, G.; Chen, C. -T.; Gianolli, V. E.; Ingram, A.; Middei, R.; Maksym, W. P.; Panagiotou, C.; Podgorny, J.; Puccetti, S.; Rath...
| Autores: | , , |
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| Formato: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2024 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/372478 |
| Acesso em linha: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/372478 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | Polarization Galaxies: active Galaxies: Seyfert X-rays: galaxies X-rays: individuals: NGC 1068 |
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X-ray polarization measurement of the gold standard of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei: NGC 1068 |
| title |
X-ray polarization measurement of the gold standard of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei: NGC 1068 |
| spellingShingle |
X-ray polarization measurement of the gold standard of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei: NGC 1068 Marin, F. Polarization Galaxies: active Galaxies: Seyfert X-rays: galaxies X-rays: individuals: NGC 1068 |
| title_short |
X-ray polarization measurement of the gold standard of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei: NGC 1068 |
| title_full |
X-ray polarization measurement of the gold standard of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei: NGC 1068 |
| title_fullStr |
X-ray polarization measurement of the gold standard of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei: NGC 1068 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
X-ray polarization measurement of the gold standard of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei: NGC 1068 |
| title_sort |
X-ray polarization measurement of the gold standard of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei: NGC 1068 |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Marin, F. Agudo, Iván Zane, S. |
| author |
Marin, F. |
| author_facet |
Marin, F. Agudo, Iván Zane, S. |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Agudo, Iván Zane, S. |
| author2_role |
author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
NASA Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica European Commission Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72] |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Polarization Galaxies: active Galaxies: Seyfert X-rays: galaxies X-rays: individuals: NGC 1068 |
| topic |
Polarization Galaxies: active Galaxies: Seyfert X-rays: galaxies X-rays: individuals: NGC 1068 |
| description |
Marin, F. et al.--Full list of authors: Marin, F.; Marinucci, A.; Laurenti, M.; Kim, D. E.; Barnouin, T.; Di Marco, A.; Ursini, F.; Bianchi, S.; Ravi, S.; Marshall, H. L.; Matt, G.; Chen, C. -T.; Gianolli, V. E.; Ingram, A.; Middei, R.; Maksym, W. P.; Panagiotou, C.; Podgorny, J.; Puccetti, S.; Ratheesh, A.; Tombesi, F.; Agudo, I.; Antonelli, L. A.; Bachetti, M.; Baldini, L.; Baumgartner, W.; Bellazzini, R.; Bongiorno, S.; Bonino, R.; Brez, A.; Bucciantini, N.; Capitanio, F.; Castellano, S.; Cavazzuti, E.; Ciprini, S.; Costa, E.; De Rosa, A.; Del Monte, E.; Di Gesu, L.; Di Lalla, N.; Donnarumma, I.; Doroshenko, V.; Dovčiak, M.; Ehlert, S.; Enoto, T.; Evangelista, Y.; Fabiani, S.; Ferrazzoli, R.; Garcia, J.; Gunji, S.; Heyl, J.; Iwakiri, W.; Jorstad, S.; Kaaret, P.; Karas, V.; Kislat, F.; Kitaguchi, T.; Kolodziejczak, J.; Krawczynski, H.; La Monaca, F.; Latronico, L.; Liodakis, I.; Madejski, G.; Maldera, S.; Manfreda, A.; Marscher, A.; Massaro, F.; Mitsuishi, I.; Mizuno, T.; Muleri, F.; Negro, M.; Ng, S.; O'Dell, S.; Omodei, N.; Oppedisano, C.; Papitto, A.; Pavlov, G.; Perri, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Petrucci, P. -O.; Pilia, M.; Possenti, A.; Poutanen, J.; Ramsey, B.; Rankin, J.; Roberts, O.; Romani, R.; Sgrò, C.; Slane, P.; Soffitta, P.; Spandre, G.; Swartz, D.; Tamagawa, T.; Tavecchio, F.; Taverna, R.; Tawara, Y.; Tennant, A.; Thomas, N.; Trois, A.; Tsygankov, S.; Turolla, R.; Vink, J.; Weisskopf, M.; Wu, K.; Xie, F.; Zane, S. |
| publishDate |
2024 |
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2024 2024 2024 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Publisher's version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/372478 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/372478 |
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Inglés |
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Inglés |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449760 Sí |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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EDP Sciences |
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EDP Sciences |
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reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
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DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
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DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
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1869410834476695552 |
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X-ray polarization measurement of the gold standard of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei: NGC 1068Marin, F.Agudo, IvánZane, S.PolarizationGalaxies: activeGalaxies: SeyfertX-rays: galaxiesX-rays: individuals: NGC 1068Marin, F. et al.--Full list of authors: Marin, F.; Marinucci, A.; Laurenti, M.; Kim, D. E.; Barnouin, T.; Di Marco, A.; Ursini, F.; Bianchi, S.; Ravi, S.; Marshall, H. L.; Matt, G.; Chen, C. -T.; Gianolli, V. E.; Ingram, A.; Middei, R.; Maksym, W. P.; Panagiotou, C.; Podgorny, J.; Puccetti, S.; Ratheesh, A.; Tombesi, F.; Agudo, I.; Antonelli, L. A.; Bachetti, M.; Baldini, L.; Baumgartner, W.; Bellazzini, R.; Bongiorno, S.; Bonino, R.; Brez, A.; Bucciantini, N.; Capitanio, F.; Castellano, S.; Cavazzuti, E.; Ciprini, S.; Costa, E.; De Rosa, A.; Del Monte, E.; Di Gesu, L.; Di Lalla, N.; Donnarumma, I.; Doroshenko, V.; Dovčiak, M.; Ehlert, S.; Enoto, T.; Evangelista, Y.; Fabiani, S.; Ferrazzoli, R.; Garcia, J.; Gunji, S.; Heyl, J.; Iwakiri, W.; Jorstad, S.; Kaaret, P.; Karas, V.; Kislat, F.; Kitaguchi, T.; Kolodziejczak, J.; Krawczynski, H.; La Monaca, F.; Latronico, L.; Liodakis, I.; Madejski, G.; Maldera, S.; Manfreda, A.; Marscher, A.; Massaro, F.; Mitsuishi, I.; Mizuno, T.; Muleri, F.; Negro, M.; Ng, S.; O'Dell, S.; Omodei, N.; Oppedisano, C.; Papitto, A.; Pavlov, G.; Perri, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Petrucci, P. -O.; Pilia, M.; Possenti, A.; Poutanen, J.; Ramsey, B.; Rankin, J.; Roberts, O.; Romani, R.; Sgrò, C.; Slane, P.; Soffitta, P.; Spandre, G.; Swartz, D.; Tamagawa, T.; Tavecchio, F.; Taverna, R.; Tawara, Y.; Tennant, A.; Thomas, N.; Trois, A.; Tsygankov, S.; Turolla, R.; Vink, J.; Weisskopf, M.; Wu, K.; Xie, F.; Zane, S.Context. NGC 1068 is the most observed radio-quiet active galactic nucleus (AGN) in polarimetry, yet its high-energy polarization has never been probed before due to a lack of dedicated polarimeters.Aims. Using the first X-ray polarimeter sensitive enough to measure the polarization of AGNs, we want to probe the orientation and geometric arrangement of (sub)parsec-scale matter around the X-ray source.Methods. We used the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) satellite to measure, for the first time, the 2–8 keV polarization of NGC 1068. We pointed IXPE at the target for a net exposure time of 1.15 Ms, in addition to using two Chandra snapshots of ∼10 ks each in order to account for the potential impact of several ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) within IXPE’s field of view.Results. We measured a 2–8 keV polarization degree of 12.4% ± 3.6% and an electric vector polarization angle of 101° ± 8° at a 68% confidence level. If we exclude the spectral region containing bright Fe K lines and other soft X-ray lines where depolarization occurs, the polarization fraction rises to 21.3% ± 6.7% in the 3.5–6.0 keV band, with a similar polarization angle. The observed polarization angle is found to be perpendicular to the parsec-scale radio jet. Using a combined Chandra and IXPE analysis plus multiwavelength constraints, we estimated that the circumnuclear “torus” may sustain a half-opening angle of 50–55° (from the vertical axis of the system).Conclusions. Thanks to IXPE, we have measured the X-ray polarization of NGC 1068 and found comparable results, both in terms of the polarization angle orientation with respect to the radio jet and the torus half-opening angle, to the X-ray polarimetric measurement achieved for the other archetypal Compton-thick AGN: the Circinus galaxy. Probing the geometric arrangement of parsec-scale matter in extragalactic objects is now feasible thanks to X-ray polarimetry. © The Authors 2024.The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) is a joint US and Italian mission. The US contribution is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and led and managed by its Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), with industry partner Ball Aerospace (contract NNM15AA18C). The Italian contribution is supported by the Italian Space Agency (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, ASI) through contract ASI-OHBI-2022-13-I.0, agreements ASI-INAF-2022-19-HH.0 and ASI-INFN-2017.13-H0, and its Space Science Data Center (SSDC) with agreements ASI-INAF-2022-14-HH.0 and ASI-INFN 2021-43-HH.0, and by the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italy. This research used data products provided by the IXPE Team (MSFC, SSDC, INAF, and INFN) and distributed with additional software tools by the High-Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). F.M. thanks Robert Antonnucci, Makoto Kishimoto, Patrick Ogle and Ari Laor for their valuable comments on the manuscript. A.D.M., E.Co., R.F., S.F., F.L.M., F. Mu. P.So. are partially supported by MAECI with grant CN24GR08 “GRBAXP: Guangxi-Rome Bilateral Agreement for X-ray Polarimetry in Astrophysics”. F.T. and M.L. acknowledge funding from the European Union – Next Generation EU, PRIN/MUR 2022 (2022K9N5B4). M.D., J.P., and V.K. thank GACR project 21-06825X for the support and institutional support from RVO:67985815. I.L. was supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Marshall Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities under contract with NASA. The work of RTa and RTu is partially supported by grant PRIN-2022LWPEXW of the Italian MUR. The French contribution (F.M., T.B., V.E.G., P.-O.P.) is partly supported by the French Space Agency (Centre National d’Etude Spatiale, CNES) and by the High Energy National Programme (PNHE) of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). The authors thank the anonymous referee for her/his helpful comments that improved the quality of the manuscript.Peer reviewedEDP SciencesNASAAgenzia Spaziale ItalianaIstituto Nazionale di AstrofisicaEuropean CommissionCentre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202420242024info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/372478reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449760Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3724782026-05-22T06:33:51Z |
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