Psychophysiological effects of a single dose vs. partial dose of caffeine gum supplementation on the cognitive performance of healthy university students: a placebo controlled study

Background: Caffeine has become the psychostimulant with the highest use worldwide by different segments of the population. This is mainly due to the wide variety of benefits it offers in different contexts of use. It is available in various forms, with caffeine chewing gum recently generating great...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Saavedra Velasquez, Nicolás, Francino Barrera, Giovanni, Cuadrado Peñafiel, Victor, Vega Marcos, Ricardo de la
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad Loyola Andalucía
Repositorio:Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:biblosearchi::a528a6f85f8a829c6fd02fe216158432
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10486/768021
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050536
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:alertnes
caffeine
cognitive performance
exercise
psychophysiological
Deportes
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spelling Psychophysiological effects of a single dose vs. partial dose of caffeine gum supplementation on the cognitive performance of healthy university students: a placebo controlled studySaavedra Velasquez, NicolásFrancino Barrera, GiovanniCuadrado Peñafiel, VictorVega Marcos, Ricardo de laalertnescaffeinecognitive performanceexercisepsychophysiologicalDeportesBackground: Caffeine has become the psychostimulant with the highest use worldwide by different segments of the population. This is mainly due to the wide variety of benefits it offers in different contexts of use. It is available in various forms, with caffeine chewing gum recently generating great interest due to its characteristics and absorption time. Methods: A placebo-controlled study was conducted in which 20 healthy university students were exposed to three different conditions (single dose, partial dose, and placebo). The intervention consisted of a dual task in which heart rate, perceived exertion, and reaction time were monitored using the Stroop test and choice reaction time test while participants performed two blocks of cycloergometer exercise. Results: A t-test comparison between blocks showed differences in the Stroop test under all conditions, with the single dose having the best performance (Gr.A p < 0.001; Gr.B p < 0.029; Gr.C p < 0.009). The single dose group also showed favorable results for the HR/RPE ratio (p < 0.044) and an increase in the rate of perceived exertion (p < 0.006). No changes in reaction time were observed under any condition of the choice reaction time test. Conclusions: These results suggest that caffeine supplementation has positive effects on variables related to psychophysiological performance during a dual task. A single dose showed the best results in this study; however, longer intervention designs could be considered in the future to see the effect of partial doses of caffeine over timeMDPIDepartamento de Educación Física, Deporte y Motricidad HumanaFacultad de Formación de Profesorado y Educación20252025-05-21research articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10486/768021https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050536reponame:Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAMinstname:Universidad Loyola AndalucíaInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:biblosearchi::a528a6f85f8a829c6fd02fe2161584322026-06-23T12:46:27Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Psychophysiological effects of a single dose vs. partial dose of caffeine gum supplementation on the cognitive performance of healthy university students: a placebo controlled study
title Psychophysiological effects of a single dose vs. partial dose of caffeine gum supplementation on the cognitive performance of healthy university students: a placebo controlled study
spellingShingle Psychophysiological effects of a single dose vs. partial dose of caffeine gum supplementation on the cognitive performance of healthy university students: a placebo controlled study
Saavedra Velasquez, Nicolás
alertnes
caffeine
cognitive performance
exercise
psychophysiological
Deportes
title_short Psychophysiological effects of a single dose vs. partial dose of caffeine gum supplementation on the cognitive performance of healthy university students: a placebo controlled study
title_full Psychophysiological effects of a single dose vs. partial dose of caffeine gum supplementation on the cognitive performance of healthy university students: a placebo controlled study
title_fullStr Psychophysiological effects of a single dose vs. partial dose of caffeine gum supplementation on the cognitive performance of healthy university students: a placebo controlled study
title_full_unstemmed Psychophysiological effects of a single dose vs. partial dose of caffeine gum supplementation on the cognitive performance of healthy university students: a placebo controlled study
title_sort Psychophysiological effects of a single dose vs. partial dose of caffeine gum supplementation on the cognitive performance of healthy university students: a placebo controlled study
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Saavedra Velasquez, Nicolás
Francino Barrera, Giovanni
Cuadrado Peñafiel, Victor
Vega Marcos, Ricardo de la
author Saavedra Velasquez, Nicolás
author_facet Saavedra Velasquez, Nicolás
Francino Barrera, Giovanni
Cuadrado Peñafiel, Victor
Vega Marcos, Ricardo de la
author_role author
author2 Francino Barrera, Giovanni
Cuadrado Peñafiel, Victor
Vega Marcos, Ricardo de la
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Departamento de Educación Física, Deporte y Motricidad Humana
Facultad de Formación de Profesorado y Educación
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv alertnes
caffeine
cognitive performance
exercise
psychophysiological
Deportes
topic alertnes
caffeine
cognitive performance
exercise
psychophysiological
Deportes
description Background: Caffeine has become the psychostimulant with the highest use worldwide by different segments of the population. This is mainly due to the wide variety of benefits it offers in different contexts of use. It is available in various forms, with caffeine chewing gum recently generating great interest due to its characteristics and absorption time. Methods: A placebo-controlled study was conducted in which 20 healthy university students were exposed to three different conditions (single dose, partial dose, and placebo). The intervention consisted of a dual task in which heart rate, perceived exertion, and reaction time were monitored using the Stroop test and choice reaction time test while participants performed two blocks of cycloergometer exercise. Results: A t-test comparison between blocks showed differences in the Stroop test under all conditions, with the single dose having the best performance (Gr.A p < 0.001; Gr.B p < 0.029; Gr.C p < 0.009). The single dose group also showed favorable results for the HR/RPE ratio (p < 0.044) and an increase in the rate of perceived exertion (p < 0.006). No changes in reaction time were observed under any condition of the choice reaction time test. Conclusions: These results suggest that caffeine supplementation has positive effects on variables related to psychophysiological performance during a dual task. A single dose showed the best results in this study; however, longer intervention designs could be considered in the future to see the effect of partial doses of caffeine over time
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-05-21
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv research article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10486/768021
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050536
url https://hdl.handle.net/10486/768021
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050536
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
instname:Universidad Loyola Andalucía
instname_str Universidad Loyola Andalucía
reponame_str Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
collection Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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