Exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke in private vehicles: measurements in air and dust samples

Background This study aimed to estimate airborne nicotine concentrations and nicotine, cotinine, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in settled dust from private cars in Spain and the UK. Methods We measured vapor-phase nicotine concentrations in a convenience sample of 45 private cars from Sp...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Continente, Xavier, Henderson, Elisabet, López-González, Laura, Fernández, Esteve, Tigova, Olena, Semple, Sean, O'Donnell, Rachel, Navas-Acién, Ana, Cortés-Francisco, Núria, Ramírez, Noelia, Dobson, Ruaraidh, López, Maria José, Trapero-Bertran, Marta
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Recursos:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:10459.1/464088
Acesso em linha:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116681
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/464088
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Airborne nicotine
Automobile
Dust
Thirdhand smoke
Tobacco smoke pollution
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines
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repository_id_str
spelling Exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke in private vehicles: measurements in air and dust samplesContinente, XavierHenderson, ElisabetLópez-González, LauraFernández, EsteveTigova, OlenaSemple, SeanO'Donnell, RachelNavas-Acién, AnaCortés-Francisco, NúriaRamírez, NoeliaDobson, RuaraidhLópez, Maria JoséTrapero-Bertran, MartaAirborne nicotineAutomobileDustThirdhand smokeTobacco smoke pollutionTobacco-specific nitrosaminesBackground This study aimed to estimate airborne nicotine concentrations and nicotine, cotinine, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in settled dust from private cars in Spain and the UK. Methods We measured vapor-phase nicotine concentrations in a convenience sample of 45 private cars from Spain (N = 30) and the UK (N = 15) in 2017–2018. We recruited non-smoking drivers (n = 20), smoking drivers who do not smoke inside the car (n = 15), and smoking drivers who smoke inside (n = 10). Nicotine, cotinine, and three TSNAs (NNK, NNN, NNA) were also measured in settled dust in a random subsample (n = 20). We computed medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) of secondhand smoke (SHS) and thirdhand smoke (THS) compounds according to the drivers’ profile. Results 24-h samples yielded median airborne nicotine concentrations below the limit of quantification (LOQ) (IQR: <LOQ - <LOQ) in non-smokers’ cars, 0.23 μg/m3 (IQR:0.18–0.45) in cars of smokers not smoking inside, and 3.53 μg/m3, (IQR:1.74–6.38) in cars of smokers smoking inside (p < 0.001). Nicotine concentrations measured only while travelling increased to 21.44 μg/m3 (IQR:6.60–86.15) in cars of smokers smoking inside. THS concentrations were higher in all cars of smokers, and specially in cars of drivers smoking inside (nicotine: 38.9 μg/g (IQR:19.3–105.7); NNK: 28.5 ng/g (IQR:26.6–70.2); NNN: 23.7 ng/g (IQR:14.3–55.3)), THS concentrations being up to six times those in non-smokers’ cars. Conclusions All cars of smokers had measurable SHS and THS pollution, the exposure levels markedly higher in vehicles of drivers where smoking took place. Our results evidence the need for policies to prohibit smoking in vehicles, but also urge for more comprehensive strategies aiming towards the elimination of tobacco consumption.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [grant number 681040]; the Ministry of Universities and Research, Government of Catalonia [grant number 2021SGR00977 and 2021SGR00906]; and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-financed by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) Union ´ Europea, “Una manera de hacer Europa” [the Miguel Servet contract CP19/00060].Elsevier2023info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116681https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/464088reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésReproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116681Environmental research, 2023, vol. 235, art. 116681cc-by-nc-nd (c) Continente et al., 2023Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/oai:recercat.cat:10459.1/4640882026-05-29T05:05:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke in private vehicles: measurements in air and dust samples
title Exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke in private vehicles: measurements in air and dust samples
spellingShingle Exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke in private vehicles: measurements in air and dust samples
Continente, Xavier
Airborne nicotine
Automobile
Dust
Thirdhand smoke
Tobacco smoke pollution
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines
title_short Exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke in private vehicles: measurements in air and dust samples
title_full Exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke in private vehicles: measurements in air and dust samples
title_fullStr Exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke in private vehicles: measurements in air and dust samples
title_full_unstemmed Exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke in private vehicles: measurements in air and dust samples
title_sort Exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke in private vehicles: measurements in air and dust samples
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Continente, Xavier
Henderson, Elisabet
López-González, Laura
Fernández, Esteve
Tigova, Olena
Semple, Sean
O'Donnell, Rachel
Navas-Acién, Ana
Cortés-Francisco, Núria
Ramírez, Noelia
Dobson, Ruaraidh
López, Maria José
Trapero-Bertran, Marta
author Continente, Xavier
author_facet Continente, Xavier
Henderson, Elisabet
López-González, Laura
Fernández, Esteve
Tigova, Olena
Semple, Sean
O'Donnell, Rachel
Navas-Acién, Ana
Cortés-Francisco, Núria
Ramírez, Noelia
Dobson, Ruaraidh
López, Maria José
Trapero-Bertran, Marta
author_role author
author2 Henderson, Elisabet
López-González, Laura
Fernández, Esteve
Tigova, Olena
Semple, Sean
O'Donnell, Rachel
Navas-Acién, Ana
Cortés-Francisco, Núria
Ramírez, Noelia
Dobson, Ruaraidh
López, Maria José
Trapero-Bertran, Marta
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Airborne nicotine
Automobile
Dust
Thirdhand smoke
Tobacco smoke pollution
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines
topic Airborne nicotine
Automobile
Dust
Thirdhand smoke
Tobacco smoke pollution
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines
description Background This study aimed to estimate airborne nicotine concentrations and nicotine, cotinine, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in settled dust from private cars in Spain and the UK. Methods We measured vapor-phase nicotine concentrations in a convenience sample of 45 private cars from Spain (N = 30) and the UK (N = 15) in 2017–2018. We recruited non-smoking drivers (n = 20), smoking drivers who do not smoke inside the car (n = 15), and smoking drivers who smoke inside (n = 10). Nicotine, cotinine, and three TSNAs (NNK, NNN, NNA) were also measured in settled dust in a random subsample (n = 20). We computed medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) of secondhand smoke (SHS) and thirdhand smoke (THS) compounds according to the drivers’ profile. Results 24-h samples yielded median airborne nicotine concentrations below the limit of quantification (LOQ) (IQR: <LOQ - <LOQ) in non-smokers’ cars, 0.23 μg/m3 (IQR:0.18–0.45) in cars of smokers not smoking inside, and 3.53 μg/m3, (IQR:1.74–6.38) in cars of smokers smoking inside (p < 0.001). Nicotine concentrations measured only while travelling increased to 21.44 μg/m3 (IQR:6.60–86.15) in cars of smokers smoking inside. THS concentrations were higher in all cars of smokers, and specially in cars of drivers smoking inside (nicotine: 38.9 μg/g (IQR:19.3–105.7); NNK: 28.5 ng/g (IQR:26.6–70.2); NNN: 23.7 ng/g (IQR:14.3–55.3)), THS concentrations being up to six times those in non-smokers’ cars. Conclusions All cars of smokers had measurable SHS and THS pollution, the exposure levels markedly higher in vehicles of drivers where smoking took place. Our results evidence the need for policies to prohibit smoking in vehicles, but also urge for more comprehensive strategies aiming towards the elimination of tobacco consumption.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116681
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/464088
url https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116681
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/464088
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Reproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116681
Environmental research, 2023, vol. 235, art. 116681
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc-by-nc-nd (c) Continente et al., 2023
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
rights_invalid_str_mv cc-by-nc-nd (c) Continente et al., 2023
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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