The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristics

Lotti, F; Frizza, F; Balercia, G; Barbonetti, A; Behre, HM; Calogero, AE; Cremers, JF; Francavilla, F; Isidori, AM; Kliesch, S; La Vignera, S; Lenzi, A; Marcou, M; Pilatz, A; Poolamets, O; Punab, M; Godoy, MFP; Rajmil, O; Salvio, G; Shaeer, O; Weidner, W; Maseroli, E; Cipriani, S; Baldi, E; Degl'Innocenti, S; Danza, G; Caldini, AL; Terreni, A; Boni, L; Krausz, C; Maggi, M

The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristics

Background: Scrotal color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) still suffers from lack of standardization. Hence, the European Academy of Andrology (EAA) has promoted a multicenter study to assess the CDUS characteristics of healthy fertile men (HFM) to obtain normative parameters. Objectives: To report and di...

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Autores:	Lotti, F, Frizza, F, Balercia, G, Barbonetti, A, Behre, HM, Calogero, AE, Cremers, JF, Francavilla, F, Isidori, AM, Kliesch, S, La Vignera, S, Lenzi, A, Marcou, M, Pilatz, A, Poolamets, O, Punab, M, Godoy, MFP, Rajmil, O, Salvio, G, Shaeer, O, Weidner, W, Maseroli, E, Cipriani, S, Baldi, E, Degl'Innocenti, S, Danza, G, Caldini, AL, Terreni, A, Boni, L, Krausz, C, Maggi, M
Tipo de recurso:	artículo
Estado:	Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:	2021
País:	España
Institución:	Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau)
Repositorio:	r-IIB SANT PAU. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau
OAI Identifier:	oai:iibsantpau.fundanetsuite.com:p1939
Acceso en línea:	https://iibsantpau.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=1939 https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1557265
Access Level:	acceso abierto
Palabra clave:	healthy fertile men scrotal ultrasound scrotal organs reference ranges scrotal organs normative parameters clinical seminal hormonal and metabolic parameters

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spelling	The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristicsLotti, FFrizza, FBalercia, GBarbonetti, ABehre, HMCalogero, AECremers, JFFrancavilla, FIsidori, AMKliesch, SLa Vignera, SLenzi, AMarcou, MPilatz, APoolamets, OPunab, MGodoy, MFPRajmil, OSalvio, GShaeer, OWeidner, WMaseroli, ECipriani, SBaldi, EDegl'Innocenti, SDanza, GCaldini, ALTerreni, ABoni, LKrausz, CMaggi, Mhealthy fertile menscrotal ultrasoundscrotal organs reference rangesscrotal organs normative parametersclinical seminal hormonal and metabolic parametersBackground: Scrotal color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) still suffers from lack of standardization. Hence, the European Academy of Andrology (EAA) has promoted a multicenter study to assess the CDUS characteristics of healthy fertile men (HFM) to obtain normative parameters. Objectives: To report and discuss the scrotal organs CDUS reference ranges and characteristics in HFM and their associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical parameters. Methods: A cohort of 248 HFM (35.3 +/- 5.9years) was studied, evaluating, on the same day, clinical, biochemical, seminal, and scrotal CDUS following Standard Operating Procedures. Results: The CDUS reference range and characteristics of the scrotal organs of HFM are reported here. CDUS showed a higher accuracy than physical examination in detecting scrotal abnormalities. Prader orchidometer (PO)- and US-measured testicular volume (TV) were closely related. The US-assessed TV with the ellipsoid formula showed the best correlation with the PO-TV. The mean TV of HFM was similar to 17 ml. The lowest reference limit for right and left testis was 12 and 11 ml, thresholds defining testicular hypotrophy. The highest reference limit for epididymal head, tail, and vas deferens was 12, 6, and 4.5 mm, respectively. Mean TV was associated positively with sperm concentration and total count and negatively with gonadotropins levels and pulse pressure. Subjects with testicular inhomogeneity or calcifications showed lower sperm vitality and concentration, respectively, than the rest of the sample. Sperm normal morphology and progressive motility were positively associated with epididymal head size/vascularization and vas deferens size, respectively. Increased epididymis and vas deferens sizes were associated with MAR test positivity. Decreased epididymal tail homogeneity/vascularization were positively associated with waistline, which was negatively associated with intratesticular vascularization. CDUS varicocele was detected in 37.2% of men and was not associated with seminal or hormonal parameters. Scrotal CDUS parameters were not associated with time to pregnancy, number of children, history of miscarriage. Conclusions: The present findings will help in better understanding male infertility pathophysiology, improving its management.WILEY2021info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://iibsantpau.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=1939https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1557265AndrologyISSN: 20472919ISSNe: 20472927reponame:r-IIB SANT PAU. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pauinstname:Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau)Inglésinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:iibsantpau.fundanetsuite.com:p19392026-06-14T12:41:47Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristics
title	The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristics
spellingShingle	The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristics Lotti, F healthy fertile men scrotal ultrasound scrotal organs reference ranges scrotal organs normative parameters clinical seminal hormonal and metabolic parameters
title_short	The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristics
title_full	The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristics
title_fullStr	The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristics
title_full_unstemmed	The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristics
title_sort	The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristics
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv	Lotti, F Frizza, F Balercia, G Barbonetti, A Behre, HM Calogero, AE Cremers, JF Francavilla, F Isidori, AM Kliesch, S La Vignera, S Lenzi, A Marcou, M Pilatz, A Poolamets, O Punab, M Godoy, MFP Rajmil, O Salvio, G Shaeer, O Weidner, W Maseroli, E Cipriani, S Baldi, E Degl'Innocenti, S Danza, G Caldini, AL Terreni, A Boni, L Krausz, C Maggi, M
author	Lotti, F
author_facet	Lotti, F Frizza, F Balercia, G Barbonetti, A Behre, HM Calogero, AE Cremers, JF Francavilla, F Isidori, AM Kliesch, S La Vignera, S Lenzi, A Marcou, M Pilatz, A Poolamets, O Punab, M Godoy, MFP Rajmil, O Salvio, G Shaeer, O Weidner, W Maseroli, E Cipriani, S Baldi, E Degl'Innocenti, S Danza, G Caldini, AL Terreni, A Boni, L Krausz, C Maggi, M
author_role	author
author2	Frizza, F Balercia, G Barbonetti, A Behre, HM Calogero, AE Cremers, JF Francavilla, F Isidori, AM Kliesch, S La Vignera, S Lenzi, A Marcou, M Pilatz, A Poolamets, O Punab, M Godoy, MFP Rajmil, O Salvio, G Shaeer, O Weidner, W Maseroli, E Cipriani, S Baldi, E Degl'Innocenti, S Danza, G Caldini, AL Terreni, A Boni, L Krausz, C Maggi, M
author2_role	author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	healthy fertile men scrotal ultrasound scrotal organs reference ranges scrotal organs normative parameters clinical seminal hormonal and metabolic parameters
topic	healthy fertile men scrotal ultrasound scrotal organs reference ranges scrotal organs normative parameters clinical seminal hormonal and metabolic parameters
description	Background: Scrotal color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) still suffers from lack of standardization. Hence, the European Academy of Andrology (EAA) has promoted a multicenter study to assess the CDUS characteristics of healthy fertile men (HFM) to obtain normative parameters. Objectives: To report and discuss the scrotal organs CDUS reference ranges and characteristics in HFM and their associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical parameters. Methods: A cohort of 248 HFM (35.3 +/- 5.9years) was studied, evaluating, on the same day, clinical, biochemical, seminal, and scrotal CDUS following Standard Operating Procedures. Results: The CDUS reference range and characteristics of the scrotal organs of HFM are reported here. CDUS showed a higher accuracy than physical examination in detecting scrotal abnormalities. Prader orchidometer (PO)- and US-measured testicular volume (TV) were closely related. The US-assessed TV with the ellipsoid formula showed the best correlation with the PO-TV. The mean TV of HFM was similar to 17 ml. The lowest reference limit for right and left testis was 12 and 11 ml, thresholds defining testicular hypotrophy. The highest reference limit for epididymal head, tail, and vas deferens was 12, 6, and 4.5 mm, respectively. Mean TV was associated positively with sperm concentration and total count and negatively with gonadotropins levels and pulse pressure. Subjects with testicular inhomogeneity or calcifications showed lower sperm vitality and concentration, respectively, than the rest of the sample. Sperm normal morphology and progressive motility were positively associated with epididymal head size/vascularization and vas deferens size, respectively. Increased epididymis and vas deferens sizes were associated with MAR test positivity. Decreased epididymal tail homogeneity/vascularization were positively associated with waistline, which was negatively associated with intratesticular vascularization. CDUS varicocele was detected in 37.2% of men and was not associated with seminal or hormonal parameters. Scrotal CDUS parameters were not associated with time to pregnancy, number of children, history of miscarriage. Conclusions: The present findings will help in better understanding male infertility pathophysiology, improving its management.
publishDate	2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv	2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format	article
status_str	publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv	https://iibsantpau.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=1939 https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1557265
url	https://iibsantpau.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=1939 https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1557265
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv	Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv	Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	WILEY
publisher.none.fl_str_mv	WILEY
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv	Andrology ISSN: 20472919 ISSNe: 20472927 reponame:r-IIB SANT PAU. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau instname:Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau)
instname_str	Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau)
reponame_str	r-IIB SANT PAU. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau
collection	r-IIB SANT PAU. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau
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The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristics

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