In Vitro Effects of Mercury (Hg) on the Immune Function of Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus Galloprovincialis) Are Enhanced in Presence of Microplastics in the Extracellular Medium
There is a great concern that physical and chemical properties of microplastics (MPs) may facilitate the sorption of toxic metals and organic contaminants to the particle surface, serving as a enriched vector (Trojan horse) of contaminants to marine organisms following ingestion . Yet the extent to...
| Autores: | , , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | otro |
| Estado: | Versión aceptada para publicación |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2020 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/320920 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/320920 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Mercury Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia Medio Marino Microplastics mussels Immune functions trojan horse |
| Sumario: | There is a great concern that physical and chemical properties of microplastics (MPs) may facilitate the sorption of toxic metals and organic contaminants to the particle surface, serving as a enriched vector (Trojan horse) of contaminants to marine organisms following ingestion . Yet the extent to which sorption of contaminants onto different types of MPs enhances or mitigates the effects of these pollutants remains unclear. Apart from direct action on specific body tissues, contaminants may exert toxic effects by influencing homeostatic mechanisms, such as the immune system. Immune defence in mussels is comprised of cell-mediated and humoral mechanisms, in which hemocytes play a key role. Phagocytosis is performed by specialized cells such as macrophages, and it plays a role in the clearance of particles having a diameter greater than 0.5 μm. Particle size, shape and surface properties affect efficient entrapment and subsequent uptake by macrophages. Mussels have highly developed phagocytosis processes for the cellular internalization of microscale particles (0.1–100 μm) and they represent a suitable model for investigating the effects and modes of action of micro and nanoparticles in the cells of aquatic invertebrates. Polystyrene microspheres filtered by the blue mussel Mytilus edulis are bioaccumulated in gut and digestive tubules and subsequently translocated in hemolymph and hemocytes. The capability of microplastics to adsorb chemical pollutants from the environment is a potential risk that has motivated research. Polyethylene generally exhibits a greater sorption capacity than other plastic types. To distinguish between the potential adverse effects caused by exposure to MPs, absorbed chemicals, and their combined effects on marine life, controlled laboratory experiments are necessary. The use of freshly isolated primary cultures has the advantage that they are more differentiated than cell lines, containdifferent types of cells and are thus thought to respond more similarly to a living animal, while at the same time reducing the amount of work and animals required for in vivo testing. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the simultaneous presence of Hg and polyethylene MPs in the extracellular medium may increase the toxicity associated with Hg in an individual way, altering the immune function in mussel hemocytes. To this end we investigated the in vitro effects caused by individual and co-exposure of Hg and polyethylene MPs (size range from 15 to < 1 μm) on phagocytosis efficiency and lysosomal membrane stability in freshly primary cultures hemocytes of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). |
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