Magnetized Dense Cores. Observational characterization and comparison with models
[eng] It is some observational evidence that dense cores are the birthplace of low-mass stars. These regions, apparently quiescent, are capable of surviving several free-fall times and, potentially, collapse and form stars. Despite its importance, little is known about the very first evolutionary st...
| Autor: | |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2012 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Barcelona |
| Repositorio: | Dipòsit Digital de la UB |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/35281 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/2445/35281 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83608 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Astrofísica Matèria interstel·lar Formació d'estels Astrophysics Interstellar matter Stars--Formation |
| Sumario: | [eng] It is some observational evidence that dense cores are the birthplace of low-mass stars. These regions, apparently quiescent, are capable of surviving several free-fall times and, potentially, collapse and form stars. Despite its importance, little is known about the very first evolutionary stages of these objects. The observational challenge that studying these diffuse and extended objects represent is preventing us to reveal their properties. It is easier, from an observational point of view, to study brighter sources as the more evolved Class-0 objects. It is possible then, through theoretical models, to trace the history back of these objects and find the initial conditions that, ideally, are those of the dense cores on which they formed. On the other hand, from the theoretical point of view, many studies have considered for decades the effect of the magnetic field in models. However, the lacks of instrumentation and observational techniques have prevented us from testing the predictions. Fortunately, several telescopes have developed polarimetric system during the last years allowing us to study for the first time the magnetic fields in a reliable manner. The complex interplay in dense cores among gravity, thermal pressure, turbulence, rotation, and magnetic field, in not well characterized due to all the previously described issues and, as a consequence, not well understood theoretically. The aim is, then, to improve our understanding on how the low-mass starless dense cores form, survive, and evolve. We faced this aim in a twofold approach. Firstly, we characterized observationally the physical, chemical, and magnetic properties of magnetized dense cores in their most initial stages, in order to understand the real initial conditions of the star-formation process. Secondly, we have compared interferometric observations of a Class-0 source to theoretical models of magnetized cloud collapse to derive the bettersuited initial conditions to form it, and the most relevant physical processes involved. To study the very young dense cores, we selected the Pipe nebula. This cloud presents very low star-formation efficiency (~0.06 %) and it is permeated by a uniform magnetic field. The nebula harbours more than a hundred very young dense cores mostly quiescent. We have mapped dense cores with densities below 10(5) cm(-3), lower than the typical values reported in literature. These cores present structures compatible with Bonnor-Ebert spheres, which suggests that they can be in a state close to hydrostatic equilibrium with the environment. Moreover, we discovered a very rich and varied chemistry, unexpected taking into account previous works in similar sources. Even in such young and diffuse objects, it is possible to distinguish differentiated chemical properties that allow us to propose an observational characterization and to suggest a possible evolutionary sequence. Some of the cores present chemical properties compatible with ages of 1 million years, but the lack of signposts of collapse suggests that active supporting non-thermal sources are acting. The lack of spherical symmetry also implies that some anisotropic force is present. The reported sub-Alfvénic turbulence points to magnetic field as this agent, which would cause the flattened shapes. NGC 1333 IRAS 4A is the ideal source to test magnetized low-mass cloud collapse models as it is a young Class-0 source with a collapsing envelope of gas and dust and a detected magnetic field with a clear hour-glass shape. We have confirmed that its properties can be satisfactorily explained with the standard model of star formation. The ideal-MHD models lead to better results, and the use of a temperature profile improves the agreement with the observational data. The initial conditions of the models, with sizes of ~0.1 pc and centrally peaked densities, agree with the results found toward the Pipe nebula dense cores. The intensity of the magnetic fields used in the models can be scaled to the values obtained for the diffuse gas with a power-law such as B-alpha-ro (1/2) typical of magnetized clouds evolving through ambipolar diffusion. From a technical point of view, the method used can establish the starting point in the way the ALMA data will be analyzed. The high quality of the data will make possible this kind of analysis, and foresees a huge improvement in our understandings of the star-formation process. |
|---|