Carbon leakage in production networks under asymmetric climate policies

Climate policies are typically designed at the regional level. This generates differences in implicit carbon prices across countries that can alter the structure of trade patterns and undermine the effectiveness of environmental regulations through carbon leakage. The paper examines the macroeconomi...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Grugni, Elisa|||0000-0002-0682-2203, Savin, Ivan|||0000-0002-9469-0510, Van den Bergh, Jeroen|||0000-0003-3415-3083
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:324068
Acceso en línea:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/324068
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105241
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Agent-based modeling
Border carbon adjustment
Climate change
Global value chains
SDG 13 - Climate Action
Descripción
Sumario:Climate policies are typically designed at the regional level. This generates differences in implicit carbon prices across countries that can alter the structure of trade patterns and undermine the effectiveness of environmental regulations through carbon leakage. The paper examines the macroeconomic consequences of asymmetric climate policies, focusing on how they affect the international structure of production. The purpose is twofold: assessing the impact of uncoordinated climate policies on the outsourcing of production and studying the effectiveness of a border carbon adjustment mechanism aimed at safeguarding countries' competitiveness. To this end, we develop and simulate a theoretical agent-based model in which supply chains are endogenously determined by downstream firms' sourcing strategies; such firms select a supplier of intermediate goods, whose production generates emissions and is subjected to environmental regulations. Focusing on bottom-up interactions among heterogeneous and boundedly rational agents, this approach provides novel insights into how environmental policies rewire firm linkages within global production networks, and how this reshaping affects overall carbon emissions.