EvryFlare. III. Temperature Evolution and Habitability Impacts of Dozens of Superflares Observed Simultaneously by Evryscope and TESS

Superflares may provide the dominant source of biologically relevant UV radiation to rocky habitable-zone M-dwarf planets (M-Earths), altering planetary atmospheres and conditions for surface life. The combined line and continuum flare emission has usually been approximated by a 9000 K blackbody. If...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Howard, W. S., Corbett, Hank, Law, Nicholas M., Ratzloff, J. K., Galliher, Nathan, Glazier, Amy, González, R., Soto, A., Fors, Octavi, Ser, Daniel del, Haislip, Joshua B.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión enviada para evaluación y publicación
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/235111
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/235111
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Exoplante atmospheres
Ultraviolet astronomy
Astrobiology
Stellar flares
Optical flares
id ES_6dd988ca6bc2e96becf15e2e6006a4e7
oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/235111
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv EvryFlare. III. Temperature Evolution and Habitability Impacts of Dozens of Superflares Observed Simultaneously by Evryscope and TESS
title EvryFlare. III. Temperature Evolution and Habitability Impacts of Dozens of Superflares Observed Simultaneously by Evryscope and TESS
spellingShingle EvryFlare. III. Temperature Evolution and Habitability Impacts of Dozens of Superflares Observed Simultaneously by Evryscope and TESS
Howard, W. S.
Exoplante atmospheres
Ultraviolet astronomy
Astrobiology
Stellar flares
Optical flares
title_short EvryFlare. III. Temperature Evolution and Habitability Impacts of Dozens of Superflares Observed Simultaneously by Evryscope and TESS
title_full EvryFlare. III. Temperature Evolution and Habitability Impacts of Dozens of Superflares Observed Simultaneously by Evryscope and TESS
title_fullStr EvryFlare. III. Temperature Evolution and Habitability Impacts of Dozens of Superflares Observed Simultaneously by Evryscope and TESS
title_full_unstemmed EvryFlare. III. Temperature Evolution and Habitability Impacts of Dozens of Superflares Observed Simultaneously by Evryscope and TESS
title_sort EvryFlare. III. Temperature Evolution and Habitability Impacts of Dozens of Superflares Observed Simultaneously by Evryscope and TESS
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Howard, W. S.
Corbett, Hank
Law, Nicholas M.
Ratzloff, J. K.
Galliher, Nathan
Glazier, Amy
González, R.
Soto, A.
Fors, Octavi
Ser, Daniel del
Haislip, Joshua B.
author Howard, W. S.
author_facet Howard, W. S.
Corbett, Hank
Law, Nicholas M.
Ratzloff, J. K.
Galliher, Nathan
Glazier, Amy
González, R.
Soto, A.
Fors, Octavi
Ser, Daniel del
Haislip, Joshua B.
author_role author
author2 Corbett, Hank
Law, Nicholas M.
Ratzloff, J. K.
Galliher, Nathan
Glazier, Amy
González, R.
Soto, A.
Fors, Octavi
Ser, Daniel del
Haislip, Joshua B.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv National Science Foundation (US)
Scialog
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
European Commission
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Exoplante atmospheres
Ultraviolet astronomy
Astrobiology
Stellar flares
Optical flares
topic Exoplante atmospheres
Ultraviolet astronomy
Astrobiology
Stellar flares
Optical flares
description Superflares may provide the dominant source of biologically relevant UV radiation to rocky habitable-zone M-dwarf planets (M-Earths), altering planetary atmospheres and conditions for surface life. The combined line and continuum flare emission has usually been approximated by a 9000 K blackbody. If superflares are hotter, then the UV emission may be 10 times higher than predicted from the optical. However, it is unknown for how long M-dwarf superflares reach temperatures above 9000 K. Only a handful of M-dwarf superflares have been recorded with multiwavelength high-cadence observations. We double the total number of events in the literature using simultaneous Evryscope and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite observations to provide the first systematic exploration of the temperature evolution of M-dwarf superflares. We also increase the number of superflaring M dwarfs with published time-resolved blackbody evolution by ∼10×. We measure temperatures at 2 minutes cadence for 42 superflares from 27 K5-M5 dwarfs. We find superflare peak temperatures (defined as the mean of temperatures corresponding to flare FWHM) increase with flare energy and impulse. We find the amount of time flares emit at temperatures above 14,000 K depends on energy. We discover that 43% of the flares emit above 14,000 K, 23% emit above 20,000 K and 5% emit above 30,000 K. The largest and hottest flare briefly reached 42,000 K. Some do not reach 14,000 K. During superflares, we estimate M-Earths orbiting <200 Myr stars typically receive a top-of-atmosphere UV-C flux of ∼120 W m-2 and up to 103 W m-2, 100-1000 times the time-averaged X-ray and UV flux from Proxima Cen.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
2021
2021
2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Preprint
info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion
format article
status_str submittedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/235111
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/235111
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2013-47447-C3-1-P
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/MDM-2014-0369
http://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abb5b4
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv IOP Publishing
publisher.none.fl_str_mv IOP Publishing
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1869410382661025792
spelling EvryFlare. III. Temperature Evolution and Habitability Impacts of Dozens of Superflares Observed Simultaneously by Evryscope and TESSHoward, W. S.Corbett, HankLaw, Nicholas M.Ratzloff, J. K.Galliher, NathanGlazier, AmyGonzález, R.Soto, A.Fors, OctaviSer, Daniel delHaislip, Joshua B.Exoplante atmospheresUltraviolet astronomyAstrobiologyStellar flaresOptical flaresSuperflares may provide the dominant source of biologically relevant UV radiation to rocky habitable-zone M-dwarf planets (M-Earths), altering planetary atmospheres and conditions for surface life. The combined line and continuum flare emission has usually been approximated by a 9000 K blackbody. If superflares are hotter, then the UV emission may be 10 times higher than predicted from the optical. However, it is unknown for how long M-dwarf superflares reach temperatures above 9000 K. Only a handful of M-dwarf superflares have been recorded with multiwavelength high-cadence observations. We double the total number of events in the literature using simultaneous Evryscope and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite observations to provide the first systematic exploration of the temperature evolution of M-dwarf superflares. We also increase the number of superflaring M dwarfs with published time-resolved blackbody evolution by ∼10×. We measure temperatures at 2 minutes cadence for 42 superflares from 27 K5-M5 dwarfs. We find superflare peak temperatures (defined as the mean of temperatures corresponding to flare FWHM) increase with flare energy and impulse. We find the amount of time flares emit at temperatures above 14,000 K depends on energy. We discover that 43% of the flares emit above 14,000 K, 23% emit above 20,000 K and 5% emit above 30,000 K. The largest and hottest flare briefly reached 42,000 K. Some do not reach 14,000 K. During superflares, we estimate M-Earths orbiting <200 Myr stars typically receive a top-of-atmosphere UV-C flux of ∼120 W m-2 and up to 103 W m-2, 100-1000 times the time-averaged X-ray and UV flux from Proxima Cen.WH acknowledges partial funding support of the Proxima Cen data and analysis through the Cycle 26 HST proposal GO 15651. WH, HC, NL, JR, and AG acknowledge funding support by the National Science Foundation CAREER grant 1555175, and the Research Corporation Scialog grants 23782 and 23822. HC is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1144081. OF and DdS acknowledge support by the Spanish Ministerio de Econom´ıa y Competitividad (MINECO/FEDER, UE) under grants AYA2013-47447- C3-1-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, MDM-2014-0369 of ICCUB (Unidad de Excelencia ‘Mar´ıa de Maeztu’). The Evryscope was constructed under National Science Foundation/ATI grant AST-1407589. This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission. Funding for the TESS mission is provided by the NASA Explorer Program. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/ dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This research made use of Astropy,5 a communitydeveloped core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013; Price-Whelan et al. 2018), and the NumPy, SciPy, and Matplotlib Python modules (van der Walt et al. 2011; Virtanen et al. 2020; Hunter 2007). Facilities: CTIO:Evryscope, TESSIOP PublishingNational Science Foundation (US)ScialogMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España)European CommissionConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2021202120202021info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Preprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/235111reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2013-47447-C3-1-Pinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2016-76012-C3-1-Pinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/MDM-2014-0369http://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abb5b4Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2351112026-05-22T06:33:51Z
score 15,811543

Similares en LA Referencia