The recent volcanism of Flores Island (Azores), Part II: Stratigraphy and eruptive history of the Comprida Volcanic System

The stratigraphy and eruptive history of a volcanic system are key to forecast the timing and style of future eruptions. Flores is a small volcanic island in the Azores Archipelago with no record of eruptions since its settlement in the 15th century, although at least six eruptions are known to have...

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Autores: Andrade, M., Ramalho, R., Pimentel, A., Kutterolf, S., Hernández, Armand
Tipo de documento: artigo
Data de publicação:2023
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositório:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/349201
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/349201
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Ocean island volcano
Monogenetic volcanism
Hawaiian-Strombolian eruption
Phreatomagmatism
Glass geochemistry
Holocene volcanism
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spelling The recent volcanism of Flores Island (Azores), Part II: Stratigraphy and eruptive history of the Comprida Volcanic SystemAndrade, M.Ramalho, R.Pimentel, A.Kutterolf, S.Hernández, ArmandOcean island volcanoMonogenetic volcanismHawaiian-Strombolian eruptionPhreatomagmatismGlass geochemistryHolocene volcanismThe stratigraphy and eruptive history of a volcanic system are key to forecast the timing and style of future eruptions. Flores is a small volcanic island in the Azores Archipelago with no record of eruptions since its settlement in the 15th century, although at least six eruptions are known to have occurred during the Holocene. Thus, Flores must be considered potentially active, and its volcanic hazard should not be disregarded. The most recent eruptions clustered at two centres of activity: the Funda Volcanic System (FVS) and the Comprida Volcanic System (CVS). Here, we reconstruct for the first time the eruptive history of CVS, the youngest volcanic system of Flores. Based on detailed tephrostratigraphic and geomorphological work, combined with radiocarbon dating and glass shard geochemistry, we show that – despite featuring five (maybe six) phreatomagmatic craters – CVS was formed in a single volcanic eruption at ∼3180 cal yr BP. This eruption started with Hawaiian-style lava fountaining followed by Strombolian activity, dispersing tephra fallout across the central part of the island. Lava flows were also emitted during the initial phase, which drained to the west and cascaded over the older deposits of the massive slump of Fajãzinha–Fajã Grande, and possibly reached the coastline to form the Fajã Grande lava delta. The initial magmatic phase was followed by phreatomagmatic explosions that formed several maars and tuff rings. Hence, groundwater played an important role in the eruption by transforming a mild Hawaiian-Strombolian eruption into a highly explosive phreatomagmatic event, possibly due to oscillations in the eruption rate. The occurrence of a large landslide contemporary to the eruption, raises the possibility of a combined threat. A new and more robust volcanic hazard assessment for the island involving scientists and civil protection authorities is desirable.This work was funded by the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) I.P./MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) – UIDB/50019/2020- IDL – and projects IF/01641/2015 MEGAWAVE, PTDC/CTA-GEO/0798/2020 HAZARDOUS. Preliminary fieldwork was also supported by project TH1530/6–1 funded by DFG - The German Research Foundation. MA is funded by FCT through her doctoral grant (SFRH/BD/138261/2018). AH is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Ramón y Cajal Scheme [RYC2020–029253-I].Elsevier BVFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2024202420232024info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://hdl.handle.net/10261/349201reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107806Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3492012026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The recent volcanism of Flores Island (Azores), Part II: Stratigraphy and eruptive history of the Comprida Volcanic System
title The recent volcanism of Flores Island (Azores), Part II: Stratigraphy and eruptive history of the Comprida Volcanic System
spellingShingle The recent volcanism of Flores Island (Azores), Part II: Stratigraphy and eruptive history of the Comprida Volcanic System
Andrade, M.
Ocean island volcano
Monogenetic volcanism
Hawaiian-Strombolian eruption
Phreatomagmatism
Glass geochemistry
Holocene volcanism
title_short The recent volcanism of Flores Island (Azores), Part II: Stratigraphy and eruptive history of the Comprida Volcanic System
title_full The recent volcanism of Flores Island (Azores), Part II: Stratigraphy and eruptive history of the Comprida Volcanic System
title_fullStr The recent volcanism of Flores Island (Azores), Part II: Stratigraphy and eruptive history of the Comprida Volcanic System
title_full_unstemmed The recent volcanism of Flores Island (Azores), Part II: Stratigraphy and eruptive history of the Comprida Volcanic System
title_sort The recent volcanism of Flores Island (Azores), Part II: Stratigraphy and eruptive history of the Comprida Volcanic System
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Andrade, M.
Ramalho, R.
Pimentel, A.
Kutterolf, S.
Hernández, Armand
author Andrade, M.
author_facet Andrade, M.
Ramalho, R.
Pimentel, A.
Kutterolf, S.
Hernández, Armand
author_role author
author2 Ramalho, R.
Pimentel, A.
Kutterolf, S.
Hernández, Armand
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal)
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Ocean island volcano
Monogenetic volcanism
Hawaiian-Strombolian eruption
Phreatomagmatism
Glass geochemistry
Holocene volcanism
topic Ocean island volcano
Monogenetic volcanism
Hawaiian-Strombolian eruption
Phreatomagmatism
Glass geochemistry
Holocene volcanism
description The stratigraphy and eruptive history of a volcanic system are key to forecast the timing and style of future eruptions. Flores is a small volcanic island in the Azores Archipelago with no record of eruptions since its settlement in the 15th century, although at least six eruptions are known to have occurred during the Holocene. Thus, Flores must be considered potentially active, and its volcanic hazard should not be disregarded. The most recent eruptions clustered at two centres of activity: the Funda Volcanic System (FVS) and the Comprida Volcanic System (CVS). Here, we reconstruct for the first time the eruptive history of CVS, the youngest volcanic system of Flores. Based on detailed tephrostratigraphic and geomorphological work, combined with radiocarbon dating and glass shard geochemistry, we show that – despite featuring five (maybe six) phreatomagmatic craters – CVS was formed in a single volcanic eruption at ∼3180 cal yr BP. This eruption started with Hawaiian-style lava fountaining followed by Strombolian activity, dispersing tephra fallout across the central part of the island. Lava flows were also emitted during the initial phase, which drained to the west and cascaded over the older deposits of the massive slump of Fajãzinha–Fajã Grande, and possibly reached the coastline to form the Fajã Grande lava delta. The initial magmatic phase was followed by phreatomagmatic explosions that formed several maars and tuff rings. Hence, groundwater played an important role in the eruption by transforming a mild Hawaiian-Strombolian eruption into a highly explosive phreatomagmatic event, possibly due to oscillations in the eruption rate. The occurrence of a large landslide contemporary to the eruption, raises the possibility of a combined threat. A new and more robust volcanic hazard assessment for the island involving scientists and civil protection authorities is desirable.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2024
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/349201
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/349201
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107806
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier BV
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier BV
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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