Corrosion characterization of late Roman coins from the tomares hoard using PIXE and FIB-SEM-EDS techniques

The Tomares Hoard, one of the most significant Late Roman numismatic finds in the Iberian Peninsula, comprises more than 55,000 coins dated to the 3rd–4th centuries CE. This study focuses on the characterization of corrosion layers and alloy compositions of selected specimens using a multi-analytica...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Pérez-López, María Elena, Ortega-Feliú, Inés, Ager Vázquez, Francisco José, Gómez-Tubio, Blanca María, Scrivano, Simona, Paúl Escolano, Antonio, Poyatos-Jiménez, Fernando, Respaldiza Galisteo, Miguel Ángel
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
Repositorio:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:idus________::10db7d32f48a2da6d4592d4286a04b81
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/11441/183889
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166082
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Tomares hoard
FIB-SEM-EDS
PIXE-RBS
Late Roman coinage
Archaeological bronze corrosion
Descripción
Sumario:The Tomares Hoard, one of the most significant Late Roman numismatic finds in the Iberian Peninsula, comprises more than 55,000 coins dated to the 3rd–4th centuries CE. This study focuses on the characterization of corrosion layers and alloy compositions of selected specimens using a multi-analytical approach that combines Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (FIB-SEM-EDS). PIXE and RBS spectra obtained with α-particles (2, 3, 5 and 6.4 MeV) and 3 MeV protons were compared across polished and non-polished areas, revealing silver enrichment in the outer layers and contamination from soil-derived elements (Si, Al, P, S, Ca, Fe, Cl). FIB-SEM-EDS cross-sections confirmed the presence of multi-layered corrosion products, consistent with copper oxides, copper carbonates, and tin- and lead-rich oxidized phases, together with localized signals suggestive of cuprous chloride-related instabilities. These results shed light on the metallurgical practices and post-depositional processes affecting the hoard, while underlining conservation challenges posed by possible chloride-induced active corrosion.