An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state

Extreme high-frequency BL Lacs (EHBL) feature their synchrotron peak of the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) at vs ≥ 1017 Hz. The BL Lac object 1ES 2344+514 was included in the EHBL family because of its impressive shift of the synchrotron peak in 1996. During the following years, the s...

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Autores: Acciari, Victor, Colak, S. M., Cerruti, Matteo, Blanch, Oscar, Delfino, Manuel C., Delgado, J., Souto Espiñeira, E. do, Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, Daniel, Martinez, Manel, Moralejo, A., Moretti, Alberto, Moreno, V., Munar-Adrover, P., Nigro, Cosimo, Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, Leyre, Paredes, Josep M., Ribó, Marc, Torres-Albà, N., Zheng, W., MAGIC Collaboration, MWL Collaboration
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/253972
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/253972
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Galaxies: active
BL Lacertae objects: individuals: 1Es 2344+514
Gamma rays: galaxies
ddc:520
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network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state
title An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state
spellingShingle An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state
Acciari, Victor
Galaxies: active
BL Lacertae objects: individuals: 1Es 2344+514
Gamma rays: galaxies
ddc:520
title_short An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state
title_full An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state
title_fullStr An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state
title_full_unstemmed An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state
title_sort An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Acciari, Victor
Colak, S. M.
Cerruti, Matteo
Blanch, Oscar
Delfino, Manuel C.
Delgado, J.
Souto Espiñeira, E. do
Jouvin, L.
Kerszberg, Daniel
Martinez, Manel
Moralejo, A.
Moretti, Alberto
Moreno, V.
Munar-Adrover, P.
Nigro, Cosimo
Ninci, D.
Nishijima, K.
Noda, K.
Nogués, Leyre
Paredes, Josep M.
Ribó, Marc
Torres-Albà, N.
Zheng, W.
MAGIC Collaboration
MWL Collaboration
author Acciari, Victor
author_facet Acciari, Victor
Colak, S. M.
Cerruti, Matteo
Blanch, Oscar
Delfino, Manuel C.
Delgado, J.
Souto Espiñeira, E. do
Jouvin, L.
Kerszberg, Daniel
Martinez, Manel
Moralejo, A.
Moretti, Alberto
Moreno, V.
Munar-Adrover, P.
Nigro, Cosimo
Ninci, D.
Nishijima, K.
Noda, K.
Nogués, Leyre
Paredes, Josep M.
Ribó, Marc
Torres-Albà, N.
Zheng, W.
MAGIC Collaboration
MWL Collaboration
author_role author
author2 Colak, S. M.
Cerruti, Matteo
Blanch, Oscar
Delfino, Manuel C.
Delgado, J.
Souto Espiñeira, E. do
Jouvin, L.
Kerszberg, Daniel
Martinez, Manel
Moralejo, A.
Moretti, Alberto
Moreno, V.
Munar-Adrover, P.
Nigro, Cosimo
Ninci, D.
Nishijima, K.
Noda, K.
Nogués, Leyre
Paredes, Josep M.
Ribó, Marc
Torres-Albà, N.
Zheng, W.
MAGIC Collaboration
MWL Collaboration
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv German Research Foundation
Swiss National Science Foundation
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Department of Atomic Energy (India)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Academy of Finland
Croatian Science Foundation
University of Rijeka
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Galaxies: active
BL Lacertae objects: individuals: 1Es 2344+514
Gamma rays: galaxies
ddc:520
topic Galaxies: active
BL Lacertae objects: individuals: 1Es 2344+514
Gamma rays: galaxies
ddc:520
description Extreme high-frequency BL Lacs (EHBL) feature their synchrotron peak of the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) at vs ≥ 1017 Hz. The BL Lac object 1ES 2344+514 was included in the EHBL family because of its impressive shift of the synchrotron peak in 1996. During the following years, the source appeared to be in a low state without showing any extreme behaviours. In 2016 August, 1ES 2344+514 was detected with the groundbased γ -ray telescope FACT during a high γ -ray state, triggering multiwavelength (MWL) observations. We studied the MWL light curves of 1ES 2344+514 during the 2016 flaring state, using data from radio to very-high-energy (VHE) γ -rays taken with OVRO, KAIT, KVA, NOT, some telescopes of the GASP-WEBT collaboration at the Teide, Crimean, and St. Petersburg observatories, Swift-UVOT, Swift-XRT, Fermi-LAT, FACT, and MAGIC. With simultaneous observations of the flare, we built the broad-band SED and studied it in the framework of a leptonic and a hadronic model. The VHE γ -ray observations show a flux level of 55 per cent of the Crab Nebula flux above 300 GeV, similar to the historical maximum of 1995. The combination of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT spectra provides an unprecedented characterization of the inverse-Compton peak for this object during a flaring episode. The _ index of the intrinsic spectrum in the VHE γ -ray band is 2.04 ± 0.12stat ± 0.15sys.We find the source in an extreme state with a shift of the position of the synchrotron peak to frequencies above or equal to 1018 Hz.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
2021
2021
2021
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
Royal Astronomical Society
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
Royal Astronomical Society
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
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spelling An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced stateAcciari, VictorColak, S. M.Cerruti, MatteoBlanch, OscarDelfino, Manuel C.Delgado, J.Souto Espiñeira, E. doJouvin, L.Kerszberg, DanielMartinez, ManelMoralejo, A.Moretti, AlbertoMoreno, V.Munar-Adrover, P.Nigro, CosimoNinci, D.Nishijima, K.Noda, K.Nogués, LeyreParedes, Josep M.Ribó, MarcTorres-Albà, N.Zheng, W.MAGIC CollaborationMWL CollaborationGalaxies: activeBL Lacertae objects: individuals: 1Es 2344+514Gamma rays: galaxiesddc:520Extreme high-frequency BL Lacs (EHBL) feature their synchrotron peak of the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) at vs ≥ 1017 Hz. The BL Lac object 1ES 2344+514 was included in the EHBL family because of its impressive shift of the synchrotron peak in 1996. During the following years, the source appeared to be in a low state without showing any extreme behaviours. In 2016 August, 1ES 2344+514 was detected with the groundbased γ -ray telescope FACT during a high γ -ray state, triggering multiwavelength (MWL) observations. We studied the MWL light curves of 1ES 2344+514 during the 2016 flaring state, using data from radio to very-high-energy (VHE) γ -rays taken with OVRO, KAIT, KVA, NOT, some telescopes of the GASP-WEBT collaboration at the Teide, Crimean, and St. Petersburg observatories, Swift-UVOT, Swift-XRT, Fermi-LAT, FACT, and MAGIC. With simultaneous observations of the flare, we built the broad-band SED and studied it in the framework of a leptonic and a hadronic model. The VHE γ -ray observations show a flux level of 55 per cent of the Crab Nebula flux above 300 GeV, similar to the historical maximum of 1995. The combination of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT spectra provides an unprecedented characterization of the inverse-Compton peak for this object during a flaring episode. The _ index of the intrinsic spectrum in the VHE γ -ray band is 2.04 ± 0.12stat ± 0.15sys.We find the source in an extreme state with a shift of the position of the synchrotron peak to frequencies above or equal to 1018 Hz.The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2017-87055-C2-2-P, and FPA2017-90566-REDC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS and MEXT, the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018, and the Academy of Finland grant no. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia ‘Severo Ochoa’ SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia ‘María de Maeztu’ MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq, and FAPERJ. The FACT collaboration acknowledges the important contributions from ETH Zurich grants ETH-10.08-2 and ETH-27.12-1 as well as the funding by the Swiss SNF and the German BMBF (Verbundforschung Astro- und Astroteilchenphysik) and HAP (Helmoltz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics) are gratefully acknowledged. Part of this work is supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the Collaborative Research Center SFB 876 ‘Providing Information by Resource-Constrained Analysis’, project C3.Oxford University PressRoyal Astronomical SocietyGerman Research FoundationSwiss National Science FoundationMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Department of Atomic Energy (India)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceAcademy of FinlandCroatian Science FoundationUniversity of RijekaMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2021202120202021info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/253972reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. 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