Heavy neutron stars from light scalars

We study how light scalar fields can change the stellar landscape by triggering a new phase of nuclear matter. Scalars coupled to nucleons can develop a non-trivial expectation value at finite baryon density. This sourcing of a scalar reduces the nucleon mass and provides an additional energy densit...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Balkin, R., Serra, J., Springmann, K., Stelzl, S., Weiler, A.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:digitalcsic_::5a736e9bdc4c2bf3311a976458e86e28
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/427963
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-86000004693&doi=10.1007%2FJHEP02%282025%29141&partnerID=40&md5=1d9d769a7c703b3fde32d2d8612a657f
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Axions and ALPs
Finite Temperature or Finite Density
New Light Particles
Descripción
Sumario:We study how light scalar fields can change the stellar landscape by triggering a new phase of nuclear matter. Scalars coupled to nucleons can develop a non-trivial expectation value at finite baryon density. This sourcing of a scalar reduces the nucleon mass and provides an additional energy density and pressure source. Under generic conditions, a new ground state of nuclear matter emerges, with striking implications for the configuration of stellar remnants. Notably, neutron stars in the new ground state can be significantly heavier than QCD equations of state currently predict. We also find hybrid stellar compositions and stable self-bound objects with sizes as small as the Compton wavelength of the scalar. We discuss several specific realizations of this scenario: the QCD axion and lighter generalizations thereof and linearly or quadratically coupled scalar fields effectively equivalent to a class of scalar-tensor modification of gravity. Lastly, we explore phenomenological signatures relevant to electromagnetic and gravitational wave observations of neutron stars, such as atypical compactness and instability gaps in radii. © The Author(s) 2025.