Capturing rockfall kinematic and fragmentation parameters using high-speed camera system

This paper presents a procedure for tracking rockfall trajectories and extracting kinematic parameters from both the impacts and the resultant fragments. A set of full scale rockfall experiments was performed in a quarry located in Vallirana, Barcelona (Spain). The study site was chosen due to the p...

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Autores: Prades Valls, Albert|||0000-0002-0164-1681, Corominas Dulcet, Jordi|||0000-0001-5049-7201, Lantada, Nieves|||0000-0002-9974-6915, Matas Casado, Gerard|||0000-0003-4792-3569, Núñez Andrés, María Amparo|||0000-0003-2745-7759
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/367251
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/367251
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106629
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Landslides
Natural disaster warning systems
Catastrophes (Geology)
Photographic surveying
High speed camcorder
Rockfalls
Real scale field testing
Photogrammetry
Fragmentation
Esllavissades
Catàstrofes naturals--Sistemes d'alerta
Catàstrofes (Geologia)
Fotografia topogràfica
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geomàtica::Fotogrametria
id ES_68eb4a0c6aed005dfbce1770036117fa
oai_identifier_str oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/367251
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Capturing rockfall kinematic and fragmentation parameters using high-speed camera system
title Capturing rockfall kinematic and fragmentation parameters using high-speed camera system
spellingShingle Capturing rockfall kinematic and fragmentation parameters using high-speed camera system
Prades Valls, Albert|||0000-0002-0164-1681
Landslides
Natural disaster warning systems
Catastrophes (Geology)
Photographic surveying
High speed camcorder
Rockfalls
Real scale field testing
Photogrammetry
Fragmentation
Esllavissades
Catàstrofes naturals--Sistemes d'alerta
Catàstrofes (Geologia)
Fotografia topogràfica
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geomàtica::Fotogrametria
title_short Capturing rockfall kinematic and fragmentation parameters using high-speed camera system
title_full Capturing rockfall kinematic and fragmentation parameters using high-speed camera system
title_fullStr Capturing rockfall kinematic and fragmentation parameters using high-speed camera system
title_full_unstemmed Capturing rockfall kinematic and fragmentation parameters using high-speed camera system
title_sort Capturing rockfall kinematic and fragmentation parameters using high-speed camera system
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Prades Valls, Albert|||0000-0002-0164-1681
Corominas Dulcet, Jordi|||0000-0001-5049-7201
Lantada, Nieves|||0000-0002-9974-6915
Matas Casado, Gerard|||0000-0003-4792-3569
Núñez Andrés, María Amparo|||0000-0003-2745-7759
author Prades Valls, Albert|||0000-0002-0164-1681
author_facet Prades Valls, Albert|||0000-0002-0164-1681
Corominas Dulcet, Jordi|||0000-0001-5049-7201
Lantada, Nieves|||0000-0002-9974-6915
Matas Casado, Gerard|||0000-0003-4792-3569
Núñez Andrés, María Amparo|||0000-0003-2745-7759
author_role author
author2 Corominas Dulcet, Jordi|||0000-0001-5049-7201
Lantada, Nieves|||0000-0002-9974-6915
Matas Casado, Gerard|||0000-0003-4792-3569
Núñez Andrés, María Amparo|||0000-0003-2745-7759
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Landslides
Natural disaster warning systems
Catastrophes (Geology)
Photographic surveying
High speed camcorder
Rockfalls
Real scale field testing
Photogrammetry
Fragmentation
Esllavissades
Catàstrofes naturals--Sistemes d'alerta
Catàstrofes (Geologia)
Fotografia topogràfica
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geomàtica::Fotogrametria
topic Landslides
Natural disaster warning systems
Catastrophes (Geology)
Photographic surveying
High speed camcorder
Rockfalls
Real scale field testing
Photogrammetry
Fragmentation
Esllavissades
Catàstrofes naturals--Sistemes d'alerta
Catàstrofes (Geologia)
Fotografia topogràfica
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geomàtica::Fotogrametria
description This paper presents a procedure for tracking rockfall trajectories and extracting kinematic parameters from both the impacts and the resultant fragments. A set of full scale rockfall experiments was performed in a quarry located in Vallirana, Barcelona (Spain). The study site was chosen due to the presence of a rigid discontinuity surface, inclined at 42° in the middle of the slope, whose configuration was expected to favor the breakage of the blocks. The trajectories of the blocks released and of the resultant fragments were recorded with three video cameras. A C++ program was specifically developed to track the 3D trajectory of blocks and fragments, and measure velocities before and after the impact. Two different modules were implemented, one for the blocks that break and one for those that do not. The trajectory of a non-fragmented block is obtained by comparing it to its 3D model. In this way, both the center of mass position and the orientation of the block are tracked. For fragmented blocks, the local coordinates of the fragments determined from the images are converted to terrain coordinates using the program we developed. A total of 16 blocks and 36 rock fragments after impact were tracked. The parameters obtained were georeferenced and linked to a common system of 3D terrestrial coordinates. The captured parameters allow obtaining the velocity distribution of fragments, the coefficient of restitution, and energy balance for the blocks that break. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to capture kinematic parameters of rock fragments that result from the impact and breakage of rock blocks in full-scale tests. Although the analysis of the rockfall fragmentation phenomenon is beyond of this work, we have compared the performance of the fragmented and unbroken blocks. To this purpose, we have built 3D models of the rock fragments generated using images captured with a drone. The results indicate that blocks that fragment show higher rebound velocities and coefficients of restitution than the blocks that do not although there exists a certain overlap between the two groups. Despite the experiment is carried out on the same discontinuity surface and with small variations in the impact velocities, impact kinetic energies and impact angles, the coefficients of restitution obtained present a wide range of values, both for the blocks that break and for those who do not. The number of tested blocks is too small to draw generalizable conclusions, but they highlight the stochastic nature of the rebound process and the necessity to consider additional parameters for its understanding. Finally, the results confirm the relation between the dissipated energy and, especially the impact energy and the new area created by fragmentation. Furthermore, the blocks that hit the ground with the face are those that generate the most new area while those that hit the vertex generate less.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2022-06-05
2022
2022-05-11
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/367251
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106629
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/367251
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106629
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 3.0 Spain
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 3.0 Spain
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Capturing rockfall kinematic and fragmentation parameters using high-speed camera systemPrades Valls, Albert|||0000-0002-0164-1681Corominas Dulcet, Jordi|||0000-0001-5049-7201Lantada, Nieves|||0000-0002-9974-6915Matas Casado, Gerard|||0000-0003-4792-3569Núñez Andrés, María Amparo|||0000-0003-2745-7759LandslidesNatural disaster warning systemsCatastrophes (Geology)Photographic surveyingHigh speed camcorderRockfallsReal scale field testingPhotogrammetryFragmentationEsllavissadesCatàstrofes naturals--Sistemes d'alertaCatàstrofes (Geologia)Fotografia topogràficaÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geomàtica::FotogrametriaThis paper presents a procedure for tracking rockfall trajectories and extracting kinematic parameters from both the impacts and the resultant fragments. A set of full scale rockfall experiments was performed in a quarry located in Vallirana, Barcelona (Spain). The study site was chosen due to the presence of a rigid discontinuity surface, inclined at 42° in the middle of the slope, whose configuration was expected to favor the breakage of the blocks. The trajectories of the blocks released and of the resultant fragments were recorded with three video cameras. A C++ program was specifically developed to track the 3D trajectory of blocks and fragments, and measure velocities before and after the impact. Two different modules were implemented, one for the blocks that break and one for those that do not. The trajectory of a non-fragmented block is obtained by comparing it to its 3D model. In this way, both the center of mass position and the orientation of the block are tracked. For fragmented blocks, the local coordinates of the fragments determined from the images are converted to terrain coordinates using the program we developed. A total of 16 blocks and 36 rock fragments after impact were tracked. The parameters obtained were georeferenced and linked to a common system of 3D terrestrial coordinates. The captured parameters allow obtaining the velocity distribution of fragments, the coefficient of restitution, and energy balance for the blocks that break. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to capture kinematic parameters of rock fragments that result from the impact and breakage of rock blocks in full-scale tests. Although the analysis of the rockfall fragmentation phenomenon is beyond of this work, we have compared the performance of the fragmented and unbroken blocks. To this purpose, we have built 3D models of the rock fragments generated using images captured with a drone. The results indicate that blocks that fragment show higher rebound velocities and coefficients of restitution than the blocks that do not although there exists a certain overlap between the two groups. Despite the experiment is carried out on the same discontinuity surface and with small variations in the impact velocities, impact kinetic energies and impact angles, the coefficients of restitution obtained present a wide range of values, both for the blocks that break and for those who do not. The number of tested blocks is too small to draw generalizable conclusions, but they highlight the stochastic nature of the rebound process and the necessity to consider additional parameters for its understanding. Finally, the results confirm the relation between the dissipated energy and, especially the impact energy and the new area created by fragmentation. Furthermore, the blocks that hit the ground with the face are those that generate the most new area while those that hit the vertex generate less.Peer Reviewed20222022-06-0520222022-05-11journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/367251https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106629reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 3.0 Spainhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/3672512026-05-27T15:37:01Z
score 15.301603

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