A Comprehensive Methodology for Monitoring Evaporitic Mineral Precipitation and Hydrochemical Evolution of Saline Lakes: The Case of Lake Magadi Soda Brine (East African Rift Valley, Kenya)

Getenet, Melese; García-Ruiz, Juan Manuel; Otálora, Fermín; Emmerling, Franziska; Al-Sabbagh, Dominik; Verdugo-Escamilla, Cristóbal

A Comprehensive Methodology for Monitoring Evaporitic Mineral Precipitation and Hydrochemical Evolution of Saline Lakes: The Case of Lake Magadi Soda Brine (East African Rift Valley, Kenya)

Lake Magadi, East African Rift Valley, is a hyperalkaline and saline soda lake highly enriched in Na, K, CO, Cl, HCO, and SiOand depleted in Caand Mg, where thick evaporite deposits and siliceous sediments have been forming for 100000 years. The hydrogeochemistry and the evaporite deposits of soda l...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores:	Getenet, Melese, García-Ruiz, Juan Manuel, Otálora, Fermín, Emmerling, Franziska, Al-Sabbagh, Dominik, Verdugo-Escamilla, Cristóbal
Tipo de recurso:	artículo
Estado:	Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:	2022
País:	España
Institución:	Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:	DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:	oai:digital.csic.es:10261/308904
Acceso en línea:	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/308904
Access Level:	acceso abierto
Palabra clave:	Alkalinity Calcite Deposits Evaporation Fluorspar Hydrates Hydration Hydrochemistry Infrared spectroscopy Magnesium compounds Precipitation (chemical) Scanning electron microscopy Sediments Silica Sodium bicarbonate Sodium Carbonate Sodium chloride X ray diffraction

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network_name_str	España
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	A Comprehensive Methodology for Monitoring Evaporitic Mineral Precipitation and Hydrochemical Evolution of Saline Lakes: The Case of Lake Magadi Soda Brine (East African Rift Valley, Kenya)
title	A Comprehensive Methodology for Monitoring Evaporitic Mineral Precipitation and Hydrochemical Evolution of Saline Lakes: The Case of Lake Magadi Soda Brine (East African Rift Valley, Kenya)
spellingShingle	A Comprehensive Methodology for Monitoring Evaporitic Mineral Precipitation and Hydrochemical Evolution of Saline Lakes: The Case of Lake Magadi Soda Brine (East African Rift Valley, Kenya) Getenet, Melese Alkalinity Calcite Deposits Evaporation Fluorspar Hydrates Hydration Hydrochemistry Infrared spectroscopy Magnesium compounds Precipitation (chemical) Scanning electron microscopy Sediments Silica Sodium bicarbonate Sodium Carbonate Sodium chloride X ray diffraction
title_short	A Comprehensive Methodology for Monitoring Evaporitic Mineral Precipitation and Hydrochemical Evolution of Saline Lakes: The Case of Lake Magadi Soda Brine (East African Rift Valley, Kenya)
title_full	A Comprehensive Methodology for Monitoring Evaporitic Mineral Precipitation and Hydrochemical Evolution of Saline Lakes: The Case of Lake Magadi Soda Brine (East African Rift Valley, Kenya)
title_fullStr	A Comprehensive Methodology for Monitoring Evaporitic Mineral Precipitation and Hydrochemical Evolution of Saline Lakes: The Case of Lake Magadi Soda Brine (East African Rift Valley, Kenya)
title_full_unstemmed	A Comprehensive Methodology for Monitoring Evaporitic Mineral Precipitation and Hydrochemical Evolution of Saline Lakes: The Case of Lake Magadi Soda Brine (East African Rift Valley, Kenya)
title_sort	A Comprehensive Methodology for Monitoring Evaporitic Mineral Precipitation and Hydrochemical Evolution of Saline Lakes: The Case of Lake Magadi Soda Brine (East African Rift Valley, Kenya)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv	Getenet, Melese García-Ruiz, Juan Manuel Otálora, Fermín Emmerling, Franziska Al-Sabbagh, Dominik Verdugo-Escamilla, Cristóbal
author	Getenet, Melese
author_facet	Getenet, Melese García-Ruiz, Juan Manuel Otálora, Fermín Emmerling, Franziska Al-Sabbagh, Dominik Verdugo-Escamilla, Cristóbal
author_role	author
author2	García-Ruiz, Juan Manuel Otálora, Fermín Emmerling, Franziska Al-Sabbagh, Dominik Verdugo-Escamilla, Cristóbal
author2_role	author author author author author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv	European Commission European Research Council Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) Junta de Andalucía Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	Alkalinity Calcite Deposits Evaporation Fluorspar Hydrates Hydration Hydrochemistry Infrared spectroscopy Magnesium compounds Precipitation (chemical) Scanning electron microscopy Sediments Silica Sodium bicarbonate Sodium Carbonate Sodium chloride X ray diffraction
topic	Alkalinity Calcite Deposits Evaporation Fluorspar Hydrates Hydration Hydrochemistry Infrared spectroscopy Magnesium compounds Precipitation (chemical) Scanning electron microscopy Sediments Silica Sodium bicarbonate Sodium Carbonate Sodium chloride X ray diffraction
description	Lake Magadi, East African Rift Valley, is a hyperalkaline and saline soda lake highly enriched in Na, K, CO, Cl, HCO, and SiOand depleted in Caand Mg, where thick evaporite deposits and siliceous sediments have been forming for 100000 years. The hydrogeochemistry and the evaporite deposits of soda lakes are subjects of growing interest in paleoclimatology, astrobiology, and planetary sciences. In Lake Magadi, different hydrates of sodium carbonate/bicarbonate and other saline minerals precipitate. The precipitation sequence of these minerals is a key for understanding the hydrochemical evolution, the paleoenvironmental conditions of ancient evaporite deposits, and industrial crystallization. However, accurate determination of the precipitation sequence of these minerals was challenging due to the dependency of the different hydrates on temperature, water activity, pH and pCO, which could induce phase transformation and secondary mineral precipitation during sample handling. Here, we report a comprehensive methodology applied for monitoring the evaporitic mineral precipitation and hydrochemical evolution of Lake Magadi. Evaporation and mineral precipitations were monitored by using in situ video microscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction of acoustically levitated droplets. The mineral patterns were characterized by ex situ Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Experiments were coupled with thermodynamic models to understand the evaporation and precipitation-driven hydrochemical evolution of brines. Our results closely reproduced the mineral assemblages, patterns, and textural relations observed in the natural setting. Alkaline earth carbonates and fluorite were predicted to precipitate first followed by siliceous sediments. Among the salts, dendritic and acicular trona precipitate first via fractional crystallization─reminiscent of grasslike trona layers of Lake Magadi. Halite/villiaumite, thermonatrite, and sylvite precipitate sequentially after trona from residual brines depleted in HCO. The precipitation of these minerals between trona crystals resembles the precipitation process observed in the interstitial brines of the trona layers. Thermonatrite precipitation began after trona equilibrated with the residual brines due to the absence of excess COinput. We have shown that evaporation and mineral precipitation are the major drivers for the formation of hyperalkaline, saline, and SiO-rich brines. The discrepancy between predicted and actual sulfate and phosphate ion concentrations implies the biological cycling of these ions. The combination of different in situ and ex situ methods and modeling is key to understanding the mineral phases, precipitation sequences, and textural relations of modern and ancient evaporite deposits. The synergy of these methods could be applicable in industrial crystallization and natural brines to reconstruct the hydrogeochemical and hydroclimatic conditions of soda lakes, evaporite settings, and potentially soda oceans of early Earth and extraterrestrial planets.
publishDate	2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv	2022 2023 2023 2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Publisher's version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format	article
status_str	publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/308904
url	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/308904
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv	Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv	Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv	#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/340863 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//CGL2016-78971-P info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//BES-2017-081105 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.1c01391 Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	American Chemical Society
publisher.none.fl_str_mv	American Chemical Society
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv	reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str	Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str	DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection	DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
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spelling	A Comprehensive Methodology for Monitoring Evaporitic Mineral Precipitation and Hydrochemical Evolution of Saline Lakes: The Case of Lake Magadi Soda Brine (East African Rift Valley, Kenya)Getenet, MeleseGarcía-Ruiz, Juan ManuelOtálora, FermínEmmerling, FranziskaAl-Sabbagh, DominikVerdugo-Escamilla, CristóbalAlkalinityCalciteDepositsEvaporationFluorsparHydratesHydrationHydrochemistryInfrared spectroscopyMagnesium compoundsPrecipitation (chemical)Scanning electron microscopySedimentsSilicaSodium bicarbonateSodium CarbonateSodium chlorideX ray diffractionLake Magadi, East African Rift Valley, is a hyperalkaline and saline soda lake highly enriched in Na, K, CO, Cl, HCO, and SiOand depleted in Caand Mg, where thick evaporite deposits and siliceous sediments have been forming for 100000 years. The hydrogeochemistry and the evaporite deposits of soda lakes are subjects of growing interest in paleoclimatology, astrobiology, and planetary sciences. In Lake Magadi, different hydrates of sodium carbonate/bicarbonate and other saline minerals precipitate. The precipitation sequence of these minerals is a key for understanding the hydrochemical evolution, the paleoenvironmental conditions of ancient evaporite deposits, and industrial crystallization. However, accurate determination of the precipitation sequence of these minerals was challenging due to the dependency of the different hydrates on temperature, water activity, pH and pCO, which could induce phase transformation and secondary mineral precipitation during sample handling. Here, we report a comprehensive methodology applied for monitoring the evaporitic mineral precipitation and hydrochemical evolution of Lake Magadi. Evaporation and mineral precipitations were monitored by using in situ video microscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction of acoustically levitated droplets. The mineral patterns were characterized by ex situ Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Experiments were coupled with thermodynamic models to understand the evaporation and precipitation-driven hydrochemical evolution of brines. Our results closely reproduced the mineral assemblages, patterns, and textural relations observed in the natural setting. Alkaline earth carbonates and fluorite were predicted to precipitate first followed by siliceous sediments. Among the salts, dendritic and acicular trona precipitate first via fractional crystallization─reminiscent of grasslike trona layers of Lake Magadi. Halite/villiaumite, thermonatrite, and sylvite precipitate sequentially after trona from residual brines depleted in HCO. The precipitation of these minerals between trona crystals resembles the precipitation process observed in the interstitial brines of the trona layers. Thermonatrite precipitation began after trona equilibrated with the residual brines due to the absence of excess COinput. We have shown that evaporation and mineral precipitation are the major drivers for the formation of hyperalkaline, saline, and SiO-rich brines. The discrepancy between predicted and actual sulfate and phosphate ion concentrations implies the biological cycling of these ions. The combination of different in situ and ex situ methods and modeling is key to understanding the mineral phases, precipitation sequences, and textural relations of modern and ancient evaporite deposits. The synergy of these methods could be applicable in industrial crystallization and natural brines to reconstruct the hydrogeochemical and hydroclimatic conditions of soda lakes, evaporite settings, and potentially soda oceans of early Earth and extraterrestrial planets.This work was supported by European Research Council Grant No. 340863, the Spanish Ministerio de Economiá y Competitividad via Project No. CGL2016-78971-P, Junta de Andalucía via Project No. P18-FR-5008, and Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades Grant No. BES- 2017-081105American Chemical SocietyEuropean CommissionEuropean Research CouncilMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España)Junta de AndalucíaMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2023202320222023info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/308904reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/340863info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//CGL2016-78971-Pinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//BES-2017-081105http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.1c01391Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3089042026-05-22T06:33:51Z
score	15,811543

A Comprehensive Methodology for Monitoring Evaporitic Mineral Precipitation and Hydrochemical Evolution of Saline Lakes: The Case of Lake Magadi Soda Brine (East African Rift Valley, Kenya)

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