Suicidal thoughts and behaviours in adolescents and young adults : disentangling the role of gender and sexual orientation

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15- to 29-year-olds. Male youths have higher risk for suicide compared to females, whereas females are at greater risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Mental disorders have been identified as one of the strongest predictors of suicidal t...

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Autor: Miranda Mendizabal, Andrea
Tipo de recurso: tesis doctoral
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:CBUC, CESCA
Repositorio:TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red
OAI Identifier:oai:www.tdx.cat:10803/668813
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668813
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Suicidal ideation
Suicidal behaviuours
Gender
Sexual orientation
Adolescents and young adults
Ideación suicida
Conducta suicida
Género
Orientación sexual
Adolescentes y adultos jóvenes
30
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Suicidal thoughts and behaviours in adolescents and young adults : disentangling the role of gender and sexual orientation
title Suicidal thoughts and behaviours in adolescents and young adults : disentangling the role of gender and sexual orientation
spellingShingle Suicidal thoughts and behaviours in adolescents and young adults : disentangling the role of gender and sexual orientation
Miranda Mendizabal, Andrea
Suicidal ideation
Suicidal behaviuours
Gender
Sexual orientation
Adolescents and young adults
Ideación suicida
Conducta suicida
Género
Orientación sexual
Adolescentes y adultos jóvenes
30
title_short Suicidal thoughts and behaviours in adolescents and young adults : disentangling the role of gender and sexual orientation
title_full Suicidal thoughts and behaviours in adolescents and young adults : disentangling the role of gender and sexual orientation
title_fullStr Suicidal thoughts and behaviours in adolescents and young adults : disentangling the role of gender and sexual orientation
title_full_unstemmed Suicidal thoughts and behaviours in adolescents and young adults : disentangling the role of gender and sexual orientation
title_sort Suicidal thoughts and behaviours in adolescents and young adults : disentangling the role of gender and sexual orientation
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Miranda Mendizabal, Andrea
author Miranda Mendizabal, Andrea
author_facet Miranda Mendizabal, Andrea
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Alonso Caballero, Jordi
Castellví Obiols, Pere
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Suicidal ideation
Suicidal behaviuours
Gender
Sexual orientation
Adolescents and young adults
Ideación suicida
Conducta suicida
Género
Orientación sexual
Adolescentes y adultos jóvenes
30
topic Suicidal ideation
Suicidal behaviuours
Gender
Sexual orientation
Adolescents and young adults
Ideación suicida
Conducta suicida
Género
Orientación sexual
Adolescentes y adultos jóvenes
30
description Suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15- to 29-year-olds. Male youths have higher risk for suicide compared to females, whereas females are at greater risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Mental disorders have been identified as one of the strongest predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB). Among youth, sexual minority (LGB) individuals are a high-risk subpopulation for STB. Evidence about suicide risk and whether there are possible mechanisms by which some factors increase or diminish the risk according to gender or sexual orientation is scarce. The general aim of this thesis is to provide new evidence about the risk for STB and potential risk and protective factors for STB among adolescents/young adults; and how these vary according to gender and sexual orientation. To achieve this aim, we carried out a systematic review of the literature, followed by a meta-analysis, and analysed empirical data from a cohort study (UNIVERSAL: University and Mental Health) of Spanish university students. The results show that female adolescents/young adults are at greater risk for suicide attempts compared to males. As already well known through information provided by vital statistics registries, males are at higher risk for suicide. Risk and protective factors for STB differ by gender. Internalising disorders and interpersonal difficulties increase the risk among females, while externalizing disorders, hopelessness and some stressful life events (e.g. death of any of the parents) increase the risk for males. In addition, family and peer support are found to be protective factors for suicidal ideation, but only among females. LGB youth have higher risk for STB compared to heterosexuals. This risk is mediated by childhood maltreatment, bullying and a previous history of any mental disorders. Perceived sexual orientation discrimination increases the risk for any mental disorder, which, in turn, carries risk for suicidal ideation. This thesis has provided new evidence on a wide range of individual and community risk and protective factors for STB among adolescents and young adults, and has detected important differences across gender and sexual orientation with regard to STB risk. These results suggest that there is a need to combine preventive strategies focusing on individual risk factors (e.g. early diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders) with those with a public health population-level risk prevention approach (e.g. reinforcing community protective factors), as well as to consider the specific needs of high-risk groups.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
2020
2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format doctoralThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668813
url http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668813
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 250 p.
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat Pompeu Fabra
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat Pompeu Fabra
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
reponame:TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red
instname:CBUC, CESCA
instname_str CBUC, CESCA
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spelling Suicidal thoughts and behaviours in adolescents and young adults : disentangling the role of gender and sexual orientationMiranda Mendizabal, AndreaSuicidal ideationSuicidal behaviuoursGenderSexual orientationAdolescents and young adultsIdeación suicidaConducta suicidaGéneroOrientación sexualAdolescentes y adultos jóvenes30Suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15- to 29-year-olds. Male youths have higher risk for suicide compared to females, whereas females are at greater risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Mental disorders have been identified as one of the strongest predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB). Among youth, sexual minority (LGB) individuals are a high-risk subpopulation for STB. Evidence about suicide risk and whether there are possible mechanisms by which some factors increase or diminish the risk according to gender or sexual orientation is scarce. The general aim of this thesis is to provide new evidence about the risk for STB and potential risk and protective factors for STB among adolescents/young adults; and how these vary according to gender and sexual orientation. To achieve this aim, we carried out a systematic review of the literature, followed by a meta-analysis, and analysed empirical data from a cohort study (UNIVERSAL: University and Mental Health) of Spanish university students. The results show that female adolescents/young adults are at greater risk for suicide attempts compared to males. As already well known through information provided by vital statistics registries, males are at higher risk for suicide. Risk and protective factors for STB differ by gender. Internalising disorders and interpersonal difficulties increase the risk among females, while externalizing disorders, hopelessness and some stressful life events (e.g. death of any of the parents) increase the risk for males. In addition, family and peer support are found to be protective factors for suicidal ideation, but only among females. LGB youth have higher risk for STB compared to heterosexuals. This risk is mediated by childhood maltreatment, bullying and a previous history of any mental disorders. Perceived sexual orientation discrimination increases the risk for any mental disorder, which, in turn, carries risk for suicidal ideation. This thesis has provided new evidence on a wide range of individual and community risk and protective factors for STB among adolescents and young adults, and has detected important differences across gender and sexual orientation with regard to STB risk. These results suggest that there is a need to combine preventive strategies focusing on individual risk factors (e.g. early diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders) with those with a public health population-level risk prevention approach (e.g. reinforcing community protective factors), as well as to consider the specific needs of high-risk groups.El suicidio es la segunda causa principal de muerte entre los jóvenes de 15 a 29 años. Los hombres jóvenes tienen un mayor riesgo de suicidio en comparación con las mujeres, mientras que las mujeres tienen un mayor riesgo de ideación suicida e intentos de suicidio. Los trastornos mentales se han identificado como uno de los predictores más importantes de los pensamientos y la conducta suicida. Entre los jóvenes, los gais, lesbianas y bisexuales (LGB) son una subpoblación de alto riesgo para los pensamientos y la conducta suicida. La evidencia sobre el riesgo de suicidio y los posibles mecanismos por los cuales algunos factores aumentan o disminuyen el riesgo según el género o la orientación sexual es escasa. El objetivo general de esta tesis es proporcionar nueva evidencia sobre el riesgo de los pensamientos y la conducta suicida y sus posibles factores de riesgo y protección en los adolescentes/adultos jóvenes; y cómo estos varían según el género y la orientación sexual. Para lograr este objetivo, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, seguida de un meta-análisis y se analizaron datos empíricos de un estudio de cohorte (UNIVERSAL: Universidad y Salud Mental) de estudiantes universitarios españoles. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres adolescentes/adultas jóvenes tiene mayor riesgo de intentos de suicidio en comparación con los hombres. Como se conoce a través de la información proporcionada por los registros de estadísticas de mortalidad, los hombres tienen mayor riesgo de suicidio. Los factores de riesgo y protección para los pensamientos y la conducta suicida difieren según el género. Los trastornos mentales internalizantes y las dificultades interpersonales aumentan el riesgo entre las mujeres, mientras que los trastornos externalizantes, la desesperanza y algunos eventos vitales estresantes (p. ej. la muerte de cualquiera de los padres) aumentan el riesgo en los hombres. Además, el apoyo familiar y de los pares son factores protectores para la ideación suicida, pero solo entre las mujeres. Los jóvenes LGB tienen un mayor riesgo de pensamientos y conducta suicida en comparación con los heterosexuales. Este riesgo está mediado por el maltrato infantil, el bullying y los antecedentes de cualquier trastorno mental. La discriminación debida a la orientación sexual aumenta el riesgo de cualquier trastorno mental, lo que, a su vez, conlleva un mayor riesgo de ideación suicida. Esta tesis proporciona nueva evidencia sobre una amplia gama de factores de riesgo y protección a nivel individual y comunitario para los pensamientos y la conducta suicida en los adolescentes/adultos jóvenes, y ha identificado diferencias importantes de acuerdo al género y la orientación sexual en el riesgo de los pensamientos y la conducta suicida. Los resultados sugieren que es necesario combinar estrategias preventivas centradas en factores de riesgo individuales (p. ej. Diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento de los trastornos mentales) con aquellas con un enfoque de salud pública y de prevención a nivel poblacional (p. ej. Reforzar los factores protectores a nivel de la comunidad), así como considerar las necesidades específicas de los grupos de alto riesgo.Programa de doctorat en BiomedicinaUniversitat Pompeu FabraAlonso Caballero, JordiCastellví Obiols, PereUniversitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut202020212020info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion250 p.application/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10803/668813TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)reponame:TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Redinstname:CBUC, CESCAInglésADVERTIMENT. Tots els drets reservats. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:www.tdx.cat:10803/6688132026-06-14T12:46:07Z
score 15,301603

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