Designing an AI-driven digital twin architecture for building energy prediction

In the pursuit of global carbon neutrality, enhancing energy efficiency in buildings — particularly during their operational phases — has become a critical objective. This paper explores the potential of AI-driven Digital Twins in building operations and adopts a Design Science Research (DSR) method...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Morenas de la Flor, Javier de las, Belmonte Moreno, Lidia María, Morales Herrera, Rafael
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Repositorio:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
OAI Identifier:oai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/44656
Acceso en línea:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113966
https://hdl.handle.net/10578/44656
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Building Automation and Control Systems
Digital twins architecture
Energy consumption prediction
Open-source framework
Descripción
Sumario:In the pursuit of global carbon neutrality, enhancing energy efficiency in buildings — particularly during their operational phases — has become a critical objective. This paper explores the potential of AI-driven Digital Twins in building operations and adopts a Design Science Research (DSR) methodology to guide the development, implementation, and evaluation of a data-driven solution. A six-layer conceptual architecture is proposed to support the integration of real-time data, AI models, and control logic. As a practical instantiation of this architecture, we present an application case involving three buildings, where energy consumption is predicted using machine learning. Several regression models are tested, with CatBoost Regressor achieving R2 values above 0.92. The model is deployed as a Digital Shadow using the open-source platform Node-RED. In addition to energy forecasting, two simulated application cases demonstrate the architecture’s ability to support intelligent control strategies such as load shifting and anticipatory HVAC activation. The results validate the artifact’s effectiveness and highlight the potential of combining Artificial Intelligence and Digital Twins to improve building performance and sustainability through flexible, cost-effective, and open-source tools.