Energizing Star Formation: The Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in NGC 253 Derived from ALCHEMI Measurements of H3O+and SO
The cosmic-ray ionization rate (CRIR) is a key parameter in understanding the physical and chemical processes in the interstellar medium. Cosmic rays are a significant source of energy in star formation regions, impacting the physical and chemical processes that drive the formation of stars. Previou...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2022 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/279869 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/279869 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Starburst galaxies Insterstellar medium Active galaxies Interstellar abundances |
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oai:digital.csic.es:10261/279869 |
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| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Energizing Star Formation: The Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in NGC 253 Derived from ALCHEMI Measurements of H3O+and SO |
| title |
Energizing Star Formation: The Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in NGC 253 Derived from ALCHEMI Measurements of H3O+and SO |
| spellingShingle |
Energizing Star Formation: The Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in NGC 253 Derived from ALCHEMI Measurements of H3O+and SO Holdship, Jonathan Starburst galaxies Insterstellar medium Active galaxies Interstellar abundances |
| title_short |
Energizing Star Formation: The Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in NGC 253 Derived from ALCHEMI Measurements of H3O+and SO |
| title_full |
Energizing Star Formation: The Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in NGC 253 Derived from ALCHEMI Measurements of H3O+and SO |
| title_fullStr |
Energizing Star Formation: The Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in NGC 253 Derived from ALCHEMI Measurements of H3O+and SO |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Energizing Star Formation: The Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in NGC 253 Derived from ALCHEMI Measurements of H3O+and SO |
| title_sort |
Energizing Star Formation: The Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in NGC 253 Derived from ALCHEMI Measurements of H3O+and SO |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Holdship, Jonathan Mangum, Jeffrey G. Viti, Serena Behrens, Erica Harada, Nanase Martín, Sergio Sakamoto, Kazushi Müller, Sebastien Tanaka, Kunihiko Nakanishi, Kouichiro Herrero-Illana, Rubén Yoshimura, Yuki Aladro, Rebeca Colzi, Laura Emig, Kimberly L. Henkel, Christian Nishimura, Yuri Rivilla, Víctor M. Werf, Paul van der |
| author |
Holdship, Jonathan |
| author_facet |
Holdship, Jonathan Mangum, Jeffrey G. Viti, Serena Behrens, Erica Harada, Nanase Martín, Sergio Sakamoto, Kazushi Müller, Sebastien Tanaka, Kunihiko Nakanishi, Kouichiro Herrero-Illana, Rubén Yoshimura, Yuki Aladro, Rebeca Colzi, Laura Emig, Kimberly L. Henkel, Christian Nishimura, Yuri Rivilla, Víctor M. Werf, Paul van der |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Mangum, Jeffrey G. Viti, Serena Behrens, Erica Harada, Nanase Martín, Sergio Sakamoto, Kazushi Müller, Sebastien Tanaka, Kunihiko Nakanishi, Kouichiro Herrero-Illana, Rubén Yoshimura, Yuki Aladro, Rebeca Colzi, Laura Emig, Kimberly L. Henkel, Christian Nishimura, Yuri Rivilla, Víctor M. Werf, Paul van der |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
European Commission National Science Foundation (US) National Institutes of Natural Sciences (Japan) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Comunidad de Madrid Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72] |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Starburst galaxies Insterstellar medium Active galaxies Interstellar abundances |
| topic |
Starburst galaxies Insterstellar medium Active galaxies Interstellar abundances |
| description |
The cosmic-ray ionization rate (CRIR) is a key parameter in understanding the physical and chemical processes in the interstellar medium. Cosmic rays are a significant source of energy in star formation regions, impacting the physical and chemical processes that drive the formation of stars. Previous studies of the circum-molecular zone of the starburst galaxy NGC 253 have found evidence for a high CRIR value: 103-106 times the average CRIR within the Milky Way. This is a broad constraint, and one goal of this study is to determine this value with much higher precision. We exploit ALMA observations toward the central molecular zone of NGC 253 to measure the CRIR. We first demonstrate that the abundance ratio of H3O+ and SO is strongly sensitive to the CRIR. We then combine chemical and radiative transfer models with nested sampling to infer the gas properties and CRIR of several star-forming regions in NGC 253 from emission from their transitions. We find that each of the four regions modeled has a CRIR in the range (1-80) × 10-14 s-1 and that this result adequately fits the abundances of other species that are believed to be sensitive to cosmic rays, including C2H, HCO+, HOC+, and CO. From shock and photon-dominated/X-ray dominated region models, we further find that neither UV-/X-ray-driven nor shock-dominated chemistry is a viable single alternative as none of these processes can adequately fit the abundances of all of these species. |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022 2022 2022 2022 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Publisher's version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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article |
| status_str |
publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/279869 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/279869 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
Inglés |
| language_invalid_str_mv |
Inglés |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-105552RB-C41 http://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6753 Sí |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
IOP Publishing |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
IOP Publishing |
| dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| instname_str |
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| reponame_str |
DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
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DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
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| _version_ |
1869409750353969153 |
| spelling |
Energizing Star Formation: The Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in NGC 253 Derived from ALCHEMI Measurements of H3O+and SOHoldship, JonathanMangum, Jeffrey G.Viti, SerenaBehrens, EricaHarada, NanaseMartín, SergioSakamoto, KazushiMüller, SebastienTanaka, KunihikoNakanishi, KouichiroHerrero-Illana, RubénYoshimura, YukiAladro, RebecaColzi, LauraEmig, Kimberly L.Henkel, ChristianNishimura, YuriRivilla, Víctor M.Werf, Paul van derStarburst galaxiesInsterstellar mediumActive galaxiesInterstellar abundancesThe cosmic-ray ionization rate (CRIR) is a key parameter in understanding the physical and chemical processes in the interstellar medium. Cosmic rays are a significant source of energy in star formation regions, impacting the physical and chemical processes that drive the formation of stars. Previous studies of the circum-molecular zone of the starburst galaxy NGC 253 have found evidence for a high CRIR value: 103-106 times the average CRIR within the Milky Way. This is a broad constraint, and one goal of this study is to determine this value with much higher precision. We exploit ALMA observations toward the central molecular zone of NGC 253 to measure the CRIR. We first demonstrate that the abundance ratio of H3O+ and SO is strongly sensitive to the CRIR. We then combine chemical and radiative transfer models with nested sampling to infer the gas properties and CRIR of several star-forming regions in NGC 253 from emission from their transitions. We find that each of the four regions modeled has a CRIR in the range (1-80) × 10-14 s-1 and that this result adequately fits the abundances of other species that are believed to be sensitive to cosmic rays, including C2H, HCO+, HOC+, and CO. From shock and photon-dominated/X-ray dominated region models, we further find that neither UV-/X-ray-driven nor shock-dominated chemistry is a viable single alternative as none of these processes can adequately fit the abundances of all of these species.We thank F. Priestley for helpful discussions on XDR modeling. We also thank the anonymous reviewer for their insightful comments on this manuscript. This work is part of a project that has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program MOPPEX 833460. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2017.1.00161.L, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2018.1.00162.S., and 2016.1.01285.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The work of Y.N. was supported by NAOJ ALMA Scientific Research grant No. 2017-06B and JSPS KAKENHI grant No. JP18K13577. V.M.R. and L.C. have received funding from the Comunidad de Madrid through the Atracción de Talento Investigador (Doctores con experiencia) Grant (COOL: Cosmic Origins Of Life; 2019-T1/TIC-15379). L.C. has also received partial support from the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI; project number PID2019-105552RB-C41).IOP PublishingEuropean CommissionNational Science Foundation (US)National Institutes of Natural Sciences (Japan)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceComunidad de MadridAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2022202220222022info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/279869reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-105552RB-C41http://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6753Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2798692026-05-22T06:33:51Z |
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15,812429 |