Measure, stochasticity and the density of hard languages

Ogiwara and Watanabe have recently shown that the hypothesis P ¿ NP implies that no (polynomially) sparse language is =Pbtt-hard for NP. Their technique does not appear to allow significant relaxation of either the query bound or the sparseness criterion. It is shown here that a stronger hypothesis...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Lutz, Jack H., Mayordomo, Elvira
Tipo de recurso: informe técnico
Fecha de publicación:1992
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/369817
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/369817
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Computational complexity
Complexitat computacional
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Informàtica
Descripción
Sumario:Ogiwara and Watanabe have recently shown that the hypothesis P ¿ NP implies that no (polynomially) sparse language is =Pbtt-hard for NP. Their technique does not appear to allow significant relaxation of either the query bound or the sparseness criterion. It is shown here that a stronger hypothesis -- namely, that NP does not have measure 0 in exponential time -- implies the stronger conclusion that, for every real a < 1, every =Pna-tt-hard language for NP is (exponentially) dense. The proof of this fact also yields two absolute results (not involving unproven hypotheses) concerning the structure of exponential fime: First, almost every language decidable in exponential time has a stochasticity property, ensurig that it is statistically unpredictable by feasible deterministic algorithms, even with linear nonuniform advice. Second, for a < 1, only a measure 0 subset of the languages decidable in exponential time are =Pna-tt-reducible to languages that are not exponentially dense.