Automated detection of 20 Hz fin whale calls using computer vision techniques

Efficient processing of long-term acoustic recordings is essential to study marine species, as manually analysing hundreds of hours of data is time-consuming and prone to fatigue. In this work, we present a simple but effective method for detecting fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) 20 Hz calls based...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Román Ruiz, Marta, Rossi, Claudio
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/417321
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/417321
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Fin whale
Passive acoustic monitoring
Visual computer techniq
Bioacoustics
Descripción
Sumario:Efficient processing of long-term acoustic recordings is essential to study marine species, as manually analysing hundreds of hours of data is time-consuming and prone to fatigue. In this work, we present a simple but effective method for detecting fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) 20 Hz calls based on classical computer vision techniques applied to spectrograms and compare it with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and a time-domain envelope detector. Acoustic signals are converted into spectrograms via the Fourier transform, enhanced with image filtering, and analysed using a circular Hough transform to detect calls. In a subset of hand-labelled recordings, the method achieved 87.3% accuracy and 80% precision, outperforming an approach based on Deep Neural Networks. When applied to three months of Mediterranean recordings, our detections showed a high correlation (0.95) with expert annotations, successfully capturing periods of peak whale presence. The method was further tested on a publicly available Antarctic dataset, yielding qualitatively comparable results to previously published time-domain analyses. Despite its simplicity, the proposed method is computationally efficient, does not require training data, and can be easily tuned, making it suitable for real-time monitoring and accessible to non-specialists. These results demonstrate that classical image-based techniques can provide robust detection of 20 Hz fin whale calls and support ecological acoustic monitoring effectively.