A review of the Internet of Things (IoT) landscape: technologies, applications, and open challenges
The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a large-scale ecosystem that integrates sensing, communication, and computation across diverse application domains. Its deployment spans smart homes, wearable devices, industrial automation, and smart cities, where heterogeneous devices are required to ope...
| Autores: | , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2026 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Cantabria (UC) |
| Repositorio: | UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:dnet:ucreareposit::85292b3a950d3de140bc61de9e05ef86 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10902/40385 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Internet of Things (IoT) IoT applications IoT challenges Layered architectures Communication technologies |
| Sumario: | The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a large-scale ecosystem that integrates sensing, communication, and computation across diverse application domains. Its deployment spans smart homes, wearable devices, industrial automation, and smart cities, where heterogeneous devices are required to operate under strict performance, reliability, and resource constraints. This paper presents a comprehensive review of IoT systems, with a particular focus on architectural models, application domains, communication technologies, signal processing techniques, and deployment challenges. Rather than providing a high-level overview, the paper examines how architectural design choices, communication mechanisms, and signal processing strategies jointly infuence overall system performance. Key challenges-including availability, reliability, mobility support, scalability, interoperability, energy efciency, security, and privacy- are analyzed from a system-level perspective. Unlike existing surveys that address isolated aspects of IoT, this work emphasizes cross-layer interdependencies, highlighting how constraints at one layer propagate to others. The objective is not to propose new solutions but to consolidate existing research, clarify persistent limitations in current IoT deployments, and identify future research directions toward more robust and efcient IoT systems. |
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