Enhancing diagnostic accuracy: Direct immunofluorescence assay as the gold standard for detecting Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in canine and feline fecal samples

The enteric protozoan parasites Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are common cause of diarrhea in pet dogs and cats, affecting primarily young animals. This comparative study evaluates the diagnostic performance of conventional and molecular methods for the detection of G. duodenalis and C...

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Autores: Barrera, Juan P, Miró Corrales, Guadalupe, Carmena, David, Foncubierta, Carlos, Sarquis, Juliana, Estévez Sánchez, Efrén, Bailo, Begoña, Checa Herráiz, Rocío, Montoya Matute, Ana, Marino, Valentina
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
Repositorio:Docta Complutense
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/108958
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/108958
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:636.09
Dog
Cat
DFA
MIF
ICT
PCR
Diagnostic performance
Risk factors
Veterinaria
3109 Ciencias Veterinarias
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repository_id_str
spelling Enhancing diagnostic accuracy: Direct immunofluorescence assay as the gold standard for detecting Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in canine and feline fecal samplesBarrera, Juan PMiró Corrales, GuadalupeCarmena, DavidFoncubierta, CarlosSarquis, JulianaEstévez Sánchez, EfrénBailo, BegoñaCheca Herráiz, RocíoMontoya Matute, AnaMarino, Valentina636.09DogCatDFAMIFICTPCRDiagnostic performanceRisk factorsVeterinaria3109 Ciencias VeterinariasThe enteric protozoan parasites Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are common cause of diarrhea in pet dogs and cats, affecting primarily young animals. This comparative study evaluates the diagnostic performance of conventional and molecular methods for the detection of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. infection in dogs and cats. The compared diagnostic assays included merthiolate-iodine-formalin (MIF) method, lateral flow immunochromatography rapid test (ICT) and real-time PCR; using direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) as golden standard. The study included the analysis of 328 fecal samples from different dog (n = 225) and cat (n = 103) populations. According to DFA, the overall prevalence of G. duodenalis was 24.4% (80/328, 95% CI: 19.8–29.4), varying from 11.6% (12/103, 95% CI: 6.2–19.5) in cats to 30.2% (68/225, 95% CI: 24.3–36.7) in dogs. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was 4.0% (13/328, 95% CI: 2.1–6.7), varying from 2.9% (3/103, 95% CI: 0.6–8.3) in cats to 4.4% (10/225, 95% CI: 2.1–8.0) in dogs. MIF was only used for the detection of G. duodenalis, which was identified by this method in 22.7% of dogs and 7.8% of cats, respectively. DFA was the most sensitive technique for detecting G. duodenalis in samples from dogs and cats (p-value: < 0.001), followed by real-time PCR. Identification of Cryptosporidium infections was most effectively accomplished by the combination of DFA and PCR technique (p-value: < 0.001). In addition, epidemiological (sex, age, origin) and clinical (fecal consistency) variables were collected to assess their potential associations with an increased likelihood of infection by G. duodenalis and/or Cryptosporidium spp. Breeder dogs were more likely to harbor G. duodenalis infection (p-value: 0.004), whereas female cats were significantly more infected with Cryptosporidium (p-value: 0.003). In conclusion, DFA (alone or in combination with PCR) has been identified as the most accurate and cost-effective method for detecting G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in fecal samples from pet dogs and cats. This highlights their importance in both veterinary and clinical settings for enabling prompt treatment and preventing potential transmission to humans.Springer NatureUniversidad Complutense de Madrid20242024-01-0120242024-01-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/108958reponame:Docta Complutenseinstname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)InglésengMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 Not available CP12%2F03081 CP12%2F03081open accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/1089582026-06-02T12:44:21Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Enhancing diagnostic accuracy: Direct immunofluorescence assay as the gold standard for detecting Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in canine and feline fecal samples
title Enhancing diagnostic accuracy: Direct immunofluorescence assay as the gold standard for detecting Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in canine and feline fecal samples
spellingShingle Enhancing diagnostic accuracy: Direct immunofluorescence assay as the gold standard for detecting Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in canine and feline fecal samples
Barrera, Juan P
636.09
Dog
Cat
DFA
MIF
ICT
PCR
Diagnostic performance
Risk factors
Veterinaria
3109 Ciencias Veterinarias
title_short Enhancing diagnostic accuracy: Direct immunofluorescence assay as the gold standard for detecting Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in canine and feline fecal samples
title_full Enhancing diagnostic accuracy: Direct immunofluorescence assay as the gold standard for detecting Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in canine and feline fecal samples
title_fullStr Enhancing diagnostic accuracy: Direct immunofluorescence assay as the gold standard for detecting Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in canine and feline fecal samples
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing diagnostic accuracy: Direct immunofluorescence assay as the gold standard for detecting Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in canine and feline fecal samples
title_sort Enhancing diagnostic accuracy: Direct immunofluorescence assay as the gold standard for detecting Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in canine and feline fecal samples
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Barrera, Juan P
Miró Corrales, Guadalupe
Carmena, David
Foncubierta, Carlos
Sarquis, Juliana
Estévez Sánchez, Efrén
Bailo, Begoña
Checa Herráiz, Rocío
Montoya Matute, Ana
Marino, Valentina
author Barrera, Juan P
author_facet Barrera, Juan P
Miró Corrales, Guadalupe
Carmena, David
Foncubierta, Carlos
Sarquis, Juliana
Estévez Sánchez, Efrén
Bailo, Begoña
Checa Herráiz, Rocío
Montoya Matute, Ana
Marino, Valentina
author_role author
author2 Miró Corrales, Guadalupe
Carmena, David
Foncubierta, Carlos
Sarquis, Juliana
Estévez Sánchez, Efrén
Bailo, Begoña
Checa Herráiz, Rocío
Montoya Matute, Ana
Marino, Valentina
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Complutense de Madrid
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv 636.09
Dog
Cat
DFA
MIF
ICT
PCR
Diagnostic performance
Risk factors
Veterinaria
3109 Ciencias Veterinarias
topic 636.09
Dog
Cat
DFA
MIF
ICT
PCR
Diagnostic performance
Risk factors
Veterinaria
3109 Ciencias Veterinarias
description The enteric protozoan parasites Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are common cause of diarrhea in pet dogs and cats, affecting primarily young animals. This comparative study evaluates the diagnostic performance of conventional and molecular methods for the detection of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. infection in dogs and cats. The compared diagnostic assays included merthiolate-iodine-formalin (MIF) method, lateral flow immunochromatography rapid test (ICT) and real-time PCR; using direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) as golden standard. The study included the analysis of 328 fecal samples from different dog (n = 225) and cat (n = 103) populations. According to DFA, the overall prevalence of G. duodenalis was 24.4% (80/328, 95% CI: 19.8–29.4), varying from 11.6% (12/103, 95% CI: 6.2–19.5) in cats to 30.2% (68/225, 95% CI: 24.3–36.7) in dogs. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was 4.0% (13/328, 95% CI: 2.1–6.7), varying from 2.9% (3/103, 95% CI: 0.6–8.3) in cats to 4.4% (10/225, 95% CI: 2.1–8.0) in dogs. MIF was only used for the detection of G. duodenalis, which was identified by this method in 22.7% of dogs and 7.8% of cats, respectively. DFA was the most sensitive technique for detecting G. duodenalis in samples from dogs and cats (p-value: < 0.001), followed by real-time PCR. Identification of Cryptosporidium infections was most effectively accomplished by the combination of DFA and PCR technique (p-value: < 0.001). In addition, epidemiological (sex, age, origin) and clinical (fecal consistency) variables were collected to assess their potential associations with an increased likelihood of infection by G. duodenalis and/or Cryptosporidium spp. Breeder dogs were more likely to harbor G. duodenalis infection (p-value: 0.004), whereas female cats were significantly more infected with Cryptosporidium (p-value: 0.003). In conclusion, DFA (alone or in combination with PCR) has been identified as the most accurate and cost-effective method for detecting G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in fecal samples from pet dogs and cats. This highlights their importance in both veterinary and clinical settings for enabling prompt treatment and preventing potential transmission to humans.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2024-01-01
2024
2024-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/108958
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/108958
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 Not available CP12%2F03081 CP12%2F03081
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer Nature
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer Nature
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docta Complutense
instname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
instname_str Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
reponame_str Docta Complutense
collection Docta Complutense
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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