Socioeconomic inequalities in 29 childhood diseases: evidence from a 1,500,000 children population retrospective study

Background Socioeconomic position (SEP) powerfully affects health status in the childhood population. However, the knowledge of which diseases are more affected by SEP and whose outcomes could be improved by having a more equitable society remains uncertain on a population basis. Methods We measured...

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Authors: Carrilero, N, Dalmau-Bueno, A, Garcia-Altes, A
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2021
Country:España
Institution:Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau)
Repository:r-IIB SANT PAU. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau
OAI Identifier:oai:iibsantpau.fundanetsuite.com:p4614
Online Access:https://iibsantpau.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=4614
https://ddd.uab.cat/record/269714
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Health inequalities
Socioeconomic position
Gender
Childhood diseases
Health status disparaties
Child
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spelling Socioeconomic inequalities in 29 childhood diseases: evidence from a 1,500,000 children population retrospective studyCarrilero, NDalmau-Bueno, AGarcia-Altes, AHealth inequalitiesSocioeconomic positionGenderChildhood diseasesHealth status disparatiesChildBackground Socioeconomic position (SEP) powerfully affects health status in the childhood population. However, the knowledge of which diseases are more affected by SEP and whose outcomes could be improved by having a more equitable society remains uncertain on a population basis. Methods We measured socioeconomic and gender inequalities in the pre-COVID-19 era for 29 diseases in the entire childhood population in Catalonia to identify which diseases are most impacted by inequalities. This population-based study included 1,449,816 children under 15 years old from 2014 to 2017 (48.52% girls) and each of their registered diagnoses within the Catalonia National Health System. We calculated frequency measures by SEP and their sex ratios for each disease. We estimated four regression-based inequality measures: slope index of inequality, relative index of inequality (RII), absolute population-attributable fraction, and population-attributable fraction. Results Twenty-five of the 29 diseases examined showed SEP inequalities. The diseases with the greatest inequalities in both sexes were tuberculosis, obesity, adjustment and anxiety disorders, essential hypertension, poisoning, short gestation, low birth weight, foetal growth retardation and intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia and trauma (RII >= 2.0); only food allergy showed the opposite pattern (RII < 1.0). Overall, 80,188 (7.80%) of the disease events in boys and 74,921 (8.88%) in girls would be avoided if all children had the same disease rate as those in the medium-high SEP group, with tuberculosis, intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia and trauma, obesity, and short gestation, low birth weight, foetal growth retardation being those that could be reduced the most in relative terms, and dermatitis, injuries, acute bronquitis, and being overweight those that could be reduced the most in absolute terms. Girls present higher RII than boys for respiratory allergy, asthma, dermatitis, being overweight, and obesity (p < 0.05). In contrast, boys showed higher RII compared to girls only in congenital anomalies (p < 0.05). Conclusions Socioeconomic and gender inequalities are widely present in childhood health. This indicates that SEP plays a common role in their development although it varies in magnitude according to each disease. It is also a phenomenon that comprises all SEP groups in society. Action needs to be taken to ensure a fairer start in life in terms of health.BMC2021info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://iibsantpau.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=4614https://ddd.uab.cat/record/269714BMC PUBLIC HEALTHISSN: 14712458reponame:r-IIB SANT PAU. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pauinstname:Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau)Inglésinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:iibsantpau.fundanetsuite.com:p46142026-06-14T12:41:47Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Socioeconomic inequalities in 29 childhood diseases: evidence from a 1,500,000 children population retrospective study
title Socioeconomic inequalities in 29 childhood diseases: evidence from a 1,500,000 children population retrospective study
spellingShingle Socioeconomic inequalities in 29 childhood diseases: evidence from a 1,500,000 children population retrospective study
Carrilero, N
Health inequalities
Socioeconomic position
Gender
Childhood diseases
Health status disparaties
Child
title_short Socioeconomic inequalities in 29 childhood diseases: evidence from a 1,500,000 children population retrospective study
title_full Socioeconomic inequalities in 29 childhood diseases: evidence from a 1,500,000 children population retrospective study
title_fullStr Socioeconomic inequalities in 29 childhood diseases: evidence from a 1,500,000 children population retrospective study
title_full_unstemmed Socioeconomic inequalities in 29 childhood diseases: evidence from a 1,500,000 children population retrospective study
title_sort Socioeconomic inequalities in 29 childhood diseases: evidence from a 1,500,000 children population retrospective study
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Carrilero, N
Dalmau-Bueno, A
Garcia-Altes, A
author Carrilero, N
author_facet Carrilero, N
Dalmau-Bueno, A
Garcia-Altes, A
author_role author
author2 Dalmau-Bueno, A
Garcia-Altes, A
author2_role author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Health inequalities
Socioeconomic position
Gender
Childhood diseases
Health status disparaties
Child
topic Health inequalities
Socioeconomic position
Gender
Childhood diseases
Health status disparaties
Child
description Background Socioeconomic position (SEP) powerfully affects health status in the childhood population. However, the knowledge of which diseases are more affected by SEP and whose outcomes could be improved by having a more equitable society remains uncertain on a population basis. Methods We measured socioeconomic and gender inequalities in the pre-COVID-19 era for 29 diseases in the entire childhood population in Catalonia to identify which diseases are most impacted by inequalities. This population-based study included 1,449,816 children under 15 years old from 2014 to 2017 (48.52% girls) and each of their registered diagnoses within the Catalonia National Health System. We calculated frequency measures by SEP and their sex ratios for each disease. We estimated four regression-based inequality measures: slope index of inequality, relative index of inequality (RII), absolute population-attributable fraction, and population-attributable fraction. Results Twenty-five of the 29 diseases examined showed SEP inequalities. The diseases with the greatest inequalities in both sexes were tuberculosis, obesity, adjustment and anxiety disorders, essential hypertension, poisoning, short gestation, low birth weight, foetal growth retardation and intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia and trauma (RII >= 2.0); only food allergy showed the opposite pattern (RII < 1.0). Overall, 80,188 (7.80%) of the disease events in boys and 74,921 (8.88%) in girls would be avoided if all children had the same disease rate as those in the medium-high SEP group, with tuberculosis, intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia and trauma, obesity, and short gestation, low birth weight, foetal growth retardation being those that could be reduced the most in relative terms, and dermatitis, injuries, acute bronquitis, and being overweight those that could be reduced the most in absolute terms. Girls present higher RII than boys for respiratory allergy, asthma, dermatitis, being overweight, and obesity (p < 0.05). In contrast, boys showed higher RII compared to girls only in congenital anomalies (p < 0.05). Conclusions Socioeconomic and gender inequalities are widely present in childhood health. This indicates that SEP plays a common role in their development although it varies in magnitude according to each disease. It is also a phenomenon that comprises all SEP groups in society. Action needs to be taken to ensure a fairer start in life in terms of health.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://iibsantpau.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=4614
https://ddd.uab.cat/record/269714
url https://iibsantpau.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=4614
https://ddd.uab.cat/record/269714
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv BMC
publisher.none.fl_str_mv BMC
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
ISSN: 14712458
reponame:r-IIB SANT PAU. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau
instname:Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau)
instname_str Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau)
reponame_str r-IIB SANT PAU. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau
collection r-IIB SANT PAU. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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