Stimulus intelligibility impacts L1 effects on L2 visual word recognition

Available online on 21st April, 2026.

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Guediche, Sara, Navarra-Barindelli, Eugenia, Caffarra, Sendy, Martin, Clara
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Recursos:Universidad del País Vasco
Repositorio:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:addi________::d7ff1c6df3856c76f5e86d96686630b7
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10810/79428
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Crosslinguistic interaction
Noise
Intelligibility
Lexical decision
Visual word recognition
Cognate facilitation
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spelling Stimulus intelligibility impacts L1 effects on L2 visual word recognitionGuediche, SaraNavarra-Barindelli, EugeniaCaffarra, SendyMartin, ClaraCrosslinguistic interactionNoiseIntelligibilityLexical decisionVisual word recognitionCognate facilitationAvailable online on 21st April, 2026.For bilinguals, lexical knowledge in the native language (L1) influences word recognition in the second language (L2). When words share both form and meaning across languages, L2 visual word recognition is typically faster, a phenomenon known as the cognate facilitation effect. Such crosslinguistic lexical interaction effects have informed bilingual word recognition models that posit nonselective lexical activation across languages. However, debate remains about the automaticity of this L2-L1 coactivation. The present study examines how the intelligibility of the orthographic input, manipulated through the addition of noise or a difficult font, affects crosslinguistic lexical interactions in Spanish English (L1 L2) bilinguals. The extent to which task difficulty modulates L2-L1 crosslinguistic interactions speaks to different models of bilingual visual word recognition. Experiments 1 shows that stimulus intelligibility attenuates cognate effects. Experiment 2 shows that modulation of cognate effects are partly due to crosslinguistic lexical competitors that is exacerbated by noise. Taken together, Experiments 1 and 2 highlight the importance of simultaneously considering multiple crosslinguistic lexical effects to assess language co-activation. Overall, the findings demonstrate that even under conditions of reduced intelligibility, there is evidence for automatic L2-L1 lexical co-activation.This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2023-148756NB-I00 to C.D.M.), by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 819093 to C.D.M.), by the Basque Government through the BERC 2022-2025 program and by the Spanish State Research Agency through BCBL Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation CEX2020-001010-S, ; SG was supported by funding from European Union's Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No-799554; and SC was funded by the European Commission (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018-837228) and the European Union – Next Generation EU (PRIN PNRR P2022SMEJW).Elsevier202620262026info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10810/79428reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigacióninstname:Universidad del País VascoInglésinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/PID2023-148756NB-I00/info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ERC/819093/info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/GV/BERC2022-2025/info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/SEV-CEX2020-001010-S/info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MSCA/799554/info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MSCA/2018-837228/https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-neurolinguistics/vol/79/suppl/Cinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ).oai:dnet:addi________::d7ff1c6df3856c76f5e86d96686630b72026-06-18T09:23:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Stimulus intelligibility impacts L1 effects on L2 visual word recognition
title Stimulus intelligibility impacts L1 effects on L2 visual word recognition
spellingShingle Stimulus intelligibility impacts L1 effects on L2 visual word recognition
Guediche, Sara
Crosslinguistic interaction
Noise
Intelligibility
Lexical decision
Visual word recognition
Cognate facilitation
title_short Stimulus intelligibility impacts L1 effects on L2 visual word recognition
title_full Stimulus intelligibility impacts L1 effects on L2 visual word recognition
title_fullStr Stimulus intelligibility impacts L1 effects on L2 visual word recognition
title_full_unstemmed Stimulus intelligibility impacts L1 effects on L2 visual word recognition
title_sort Stimulus intelligibility impacts L1 effects on L2 visual word recognition
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Guediche, Sara
Navarra-Barindelli, Eugenia
Caffarra, Sendy
Martin, Clara
author Guediche, Sara
author_facet Guediche, Sara
Navarra-Barindelli, Eugenia
Caffarra, Sendy
Martin, Clara
author_role author
author2 Navarra-Barindelli, Eugenia
Caffarra, Sendy
Martin, Clara
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Crosslinguistic interaction
Noise
Intelligibility
Lexical decision
Visual word recognition
Cognate facilitation
topic Crosslinguistic interaction
Noise
Intelligibility
Lexical decision
Visual word recognition
Cognate facilitation
description Available online on 21st April, 2026.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10810/79428
url http://hdl.handle.net/10810/79428
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/PID2023-148756NB-I00/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ERC/819093/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/GV/BERC2022-2025/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/SEV-CEX2020-001010-S/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MSCA/799554/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MSCA/2018-837228/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-neurolinguistics/vol/79/suppl/C
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
instname:Universidad del País Vasco
instname_str Universidad del País Vasco
reponame_str Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
collection Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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