Exploring Gluconamide-Modified Silica Nanoparticles of Different Sizes as Effective Carriers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a consequence of the ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to develop resistance against conventional antibiotics, hampering the treatment of common infections, is recognized as one of the most imperative health threats of this century. Antibacterial photody...

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Autores: Prieto Montero, Ruth, Herrera, Lucia, Tejón, Maite, Albaya, Andrea, Chiara, José Luis, Fanarraga, Mónica L., Martínez, Virginia
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/375467
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/375467
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Antimicrobial resistance
Photosensitizer
Photodynamic therapy
Silica nanoparticles
Rose Bengal
Gram-negative bacteria
Gluconamide
Biotargeting
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Exploring Gluconamide-Modified Silica Nanoparticles of Different Sizes as Effective Carriers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
title Exploring Gluconamide-Modified Silica Nanoparticles of Different Sizes as Effective Carriers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
spellingShingle Exploring Gluconamide-Modified Silica Nanoparticles of Different Sizes as Effective Carriers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
Prieto Montero, Ruth
Antimicrobial resistance
Photosensitizer
Photodynamic therapy
Silica nanoparticles
Rose Bengal
Gram-negative bacteria
Gluconamide
Biotargeting
title_short Exploring Gluconamide-Modified Silica Nanoparticles of Different Sizes as Effective Carriers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
title_full Exploring Gluconamide-Modified Silica Nanoparticles of Different Sizes as Effective Carriers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
title_fullStr Exploring Gluconamide-Modified Silica Nanoparticles of Different Sizes as Effective Carriers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
title_full_unstemmed Exploring Gluconamide-Modified Silica Nanoparticles of Different Sizes as Effective Carriers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
title_sort Exploring Gluconamide-Modified Silica Nanoparticles of Different Sizes as Effective Carriers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Prieto Montero, Ruth
Herrera, Lucia
Tejón, Maite
Albaya, Andrea
Chiara, José Luis
Fanarraga, Mónica L.
Martínez, Virginia
author Prieto Montero, Ruth
author_facet Prieto Montero, Ruth
Herrera, Lucia
Tejón, Maite
Albaya, Andrea
Chiara, José Luis
Fanarraga, Mónica L.
Martínez, Virginia
author_role author
author2 Herrera, Lucia
Tejón, Maite
Albaya, Andrea
Chiara, José Luis
Fanarraga, Mónica L.
Martínez, Virginia
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
European Commission
Eusko Jaurlaritza
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Antimicrobial resistance
Photosensitizer
Photodynamic therapy
Silica nanoparticles
Rose Bengal
Gram-negative bacteria
Gluconamide
Biotargeting
topic Antimicrobial resistance
Photosensitizer
Photodynamic therapy
Silica nanoparticles
Rose Bengal
Gram-negative bacteria
Gluconamide
Biotargeting
description Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a consequence of the ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to develop resistance against conventional antibiotics, hampering the treatment of common infections, is recognized as one of the most imperative health threats of this century. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as a promising alternative strategy, utilizing photosensitizers activated by light to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that kill pathogens without inducing resistance. In this work, we synthesized silica nanoparticles (NPs) of different sizes (20 nm, 80 nm, and 250 nm) functionalized with the photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB) and a gluconamide ligand, which targets Gram-negative bacteria, to assess their potential in aPDT. Comprehensive characterization, including dynamic light scattering (DLS) and photophysical analysis, confirmed the stability and effective singlet oxygen production of the functionalized nanoparticles. Although the surface loading density of Rose Bengal was constant at the nanoparticle external surface, RB loading (in mg/g nanoparticle) was size-dependent, decreasing with increasing nanoparticle diameter. Further, the spherical geometry of nanoparticles favored smaller nanoparticles for antibacterial PDT, as this maximizes the surface contact area with the bacteria wall, with the smallest (20 nm) and intermediate (80 nm) particles being more promising. Bacterial assays in E. coli revealed minimal dark toxicity and significant light-activated phototoxicity for the RB-loaded nanoparticles. The addition of gluconamide notably enhanced phototoxic activity, particularly in the smallest nanoparticles (RB-G-20@SiNP), which demonstrated the highest phototoxicity-to-cytotoxicity ratio. These findings indicate that small, gluconamide-functionalized silica nanoparticles are highly effective for targeted aPDT, offering a robust strategy to combat AMR.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/375467
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/375467
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-114347RB-C32
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-114347RB-C31
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//TED2021-129248B-I00
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//TED2021-132122B-C22
The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14241982
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14241982
Sí
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
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spelling Exploring Gluconamide-Modified Silica Nanoparticles of Different Sizes as Effective Carriers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic TherapyPrieto Montero, RuthHerrera, LuciaTejón, MaiteAlbaya, AndreaChiara, José LuisFanarraga, Mónica L.Martínez, VirginiaAntimicrobial resistancePhotosensitizerPhotodynamic therapySilica nanoparticlesRose BengalGram-negative bacteriaGluconamideBiotargetingAntimicrobial resistance (AMR), a consequence of the ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to develop resistance against conventional antibiotics, hampering the treatment of common infections, is recognized as one of the most imperative health threats of this century. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as a promising alternative strategy, utilizing photosensitizers activated by light to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that kill pathogens without inducing resistance. In this work, we synthesized silica nanoparticles (NPs) of different sizes (20 nm, 80 nm, and 250 nm) functionalized with the photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB) and a gluconamide ligand, which targets Gram-negative bacteria, to assess their potential in aPDT. Comprehensive characterization, including dynamic light scattering (DLS) and photophysical analysis, confirmed the stability and effective singlet oxygen production of the functionalized nanoparticles. Although the surface loading density of Rose Bengal was constant at the nanoparticle external surface, RB loading (in mg/g nanoparticle) was size-dependent, decreasing with increasing nanoparticle diameter. Further, the spherical geometry of nanoparticles favored smaller nanoparticles for antibacterial PDT, as this maximizes the surface contact area with the bacteria wall, with the smallest (20 nm) and intermediate (80 nm) particles being more promising. Bacterial assays in E. coli revealed minimal dark toxicity and significant light-activated phototoxicity for the RB-loaded nanoparticles. The addition of gluconamide notably enhanced phototoxic activity, particularly in the smallest nanoparticles (RB-G-20@SiNP), which demonstrated the highest phototoxicity-to-cytotoxicity ratio. These findings indicate that small, gluconamide-functionalized silica nanoparticles are highly effective for targeted aPDT, offering a robust strategy to combat AMR.This work was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (projects PID2020-114347RB-C32 and PID2020-114347RB-C31 to V.M.-M. and J.L.C., respectively) and European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR (projects TED2021-129248B-I00 to M.L.F. and TED2021-132122B-C22 to J.L.C. and V.M.-M.), Gobierno Vasco-Eusko Jaurlaritza (project IT1639-22) to V.M.-M., and Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos iii (projects PI22/00030) to M.L.F. R.P.-M. and M.T. thank MIU and NGEU for the postdoctoral contract (MARSA21/71) and Investigo program funding (EU-Next generation), respectively. A.A. thanks MCIN for a predoctoral contract (PRE2021-098894).Peer reviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)European CommissionEusko JaurlaritzaInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2025202520242025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/375467reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-114347RB-C32info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-114347RB-C31info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//TED2021-129248B-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//TED2021-132122B-C22The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14241982https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14241982Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3754672026-05-22T06:33:51Z
score 15,812429

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