Metodología de diseño de máquinas apropiadas para contextos de comunidades en desarrollo

The design of industrial equipment or product in a developed country is a process characterized by creativity and, at the same time, conditioned by the fulfillment of requirements imposed by the customer, users, market and/or competition. The complexity and importance of the design process have moti...

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Autor: Blanco Romero, María Elena|||0000-0002-0044-6921
Formato: tesis doctoral
Fecha de publicación:2018
País:España
Recursos:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:español
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/121027
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/121027
https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-121027
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Cooperació per al desenvolupament::Projectes de cooperació
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Metodología de diseño de máquinas apropiadas para contextos de comunidades en desarrollo
title Metodología de diseño de máquinas apropiadas para contextos de comunidades en desarrollo
spellingShingle Metodología de diseño de máquinas apropiadas para contextos de comunidades en desarrollo
Blanco Romero, María Elena|||0000-0002-0044-6921
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Cooperació per al desenvolupament::Projectes de cooperació
title_short Metodología de diseño de máquinas apropiadas para contextos de comunidades en desarrollo
title_full Metodología de diseño de máquinas apropiadas para contextos de comunidades en desarrollo
title_fullStr Metodología de diseño de máquinas apropiadas para contextos de comunidades en desarrollo
title_full_unstemmed Metodología de diseño de máquinas apropiadas para contextos de comunidades en desarrollo
title_sort Metodología de diseño de máquinas apropiadas para contextos de comunidades en desarrollo
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Blanco Romero, María Elena|||0000-0002-0044-6921
author Blanco Romero, María Elena|||0000-0002-0044-6921
author_facet Blanco Romero, María Elena|||0000-0002-0044-6921
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Riba Romeva, Carles
Ferrer Martí, Laia
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Cooperació per al desenvolupament::Projectes de cooperació
topic Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Cooperació per al desenvolupament::Projectes de cooperació
description The design of industrial equipment or product in a developed country is a process characterized by creativity and, at the same time, conditioned by the fulfillment of requirements imposed by the customer, users, market and/or competition. The complexity and importance of the design process have motivated many studies and the establishment of different methodologies to help design teams to guide the process, focus on creativity and achieve the necessary requirements. These methodologies take into account many aspects in order to make design decisions: market studies, analyses of user needs, generation of specifications, proposals and evaluation of alternatives, etc. It is striking, however, that all of them assume implicitly that the product or equipment will be developed, manufactured or used in an industrialized context. This implies specific environment characteristics: highly availability of energy resources, materials and technology, reduction of time and costs, high-trained operators and users, etc. These characteristics condition the design process in a non-manifest way: it is not necessary to specify the context because it is taken for granted. However, there are projects in which the product designed is not aimed at a developed context: its main objective is to promote growth and improve the quality of life of a developing community. These projects are framed within the so-called appropriate technologies: technologies that allow people to escape poverty, improve their economic situation and cover their basic needs with the resources available in their context in a sustainable manner. In these projects, the characteristics of the context are often key for equipment or machine design: for example, the training and culture of the users, the availability of materials, the technological and energetic resources available or the geographical and climatic conditions. Equipment design projects to facilitate or improve agricultural processes in developing countries fall within the scope of appropriate technologies as they help to improve the productivity and living conditions of farmers. Their design has to be adapted to the conditions of the context to ensure a correct appropriation of the equipment to the community. Literature on appropriate technologies and design methodologies shows that there is no clear and specific procedure for the design of appropriate machines. Instead, it shows that appropriate machine design is usually structured along classical design lines. However, no stage is included to help explain the context and its characteristics in a methodical way. In this thesis, a design methodology for appropriate machines in the agricultural field is proposed taking as a basis the study of two real cases of design of agricultural machines in two different contexts. This methodology has as a purpose to include an adequate analysis of the context to the design process indicated by the classical methodologies in mechanical engineering. Special attention is paid to the initial phases of the design and the procedures of classical methodologies are extended, incorporating a stage of own entity to carry out this analysis. The methodology provides a tool that helps design teams document the context as well as the needs and characteristics of the community in a comprehensive, systematic, easy and orderly manner. This tool contemplates aspects related to the environment, the users, the infrastructures and the technological conditions of the environment and the agricultural process that the equipment develops. The proposed methodology is validated by applying it to the real cases studied initially, to a completed project that follows this methodology (an agricultural waste shredder in Ecuador) and to a project of the conceptual design of a cane peeler in two different contexts, Nepal and Ecuador.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2018
2018-07-20
2018
2018-09-12
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv doctoral thesis
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
format doctoralThesis
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/121027
https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-121027
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/121027
https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-121027
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Español
spa
language_invalid_str_mv Español
language spa
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
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dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
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dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
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instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
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spelling Metodología de diseño de máquinas apropiadas para contextos de comunidades en desarrolloBlanco Romero, María Elena|||0000-0002-0044-6921Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Cooperació per al desenvolupament::Projectes de cooperacióThe design of industrial equipment or product in a developed country is a process characterized by creativity and, at the same time, conditioned by the fulfillment of requirements imposed by the customer, users, market and/or competition. The complexity and importance of the design process have motivated many studies and the establishment of different methodologies to help design teams to guide the process, focus on creativity and achieve the necessary requirements. These methodologies take into account many aspects in order to make design decisions: market studies, analyses of user needs, generation of specifications, proposals and evaluation of alternatives, etc. It is striking, however, that all of them assume implicitly that the product or equipment will be developed, manufactured or used in an industrialized context. This implies specific environment characteristics: highly availability of energy resources, materials and technology, reduction of time and costs, high-trained operators and users, etc. These characteristics condition the design process in a non-manifest way: it is not necessary to specify the context because it is taken for granted. However, there are projects in which the product designed is not aimed at a developed context: its main objective is to promote growth and improve the quality of life of a developing community. These projects are framed within the so-called appropriate technologies: technologies that allow people to escape poverty, improve their economic situation and cover their basic needs with the resources available in their context in a sustainable manner. In these projects, the characteristics of the context are often key for equipment or machine design: for example, the training and culture of the users, the availability of materials, the technological and energetic resources available or the geographical and climatic conditions. Equipment design projects to facilitate or improve agricultural processes in developing countries fall within the scope of appropriate technologies as they help to improve the productivity and living conditions of farmers. Their design has to be adapted to the conditions of the context to ensure a correct appropriation of the equipment to the community. Literature on appropriate technologies and design methodologies shows that there is no clear and specific procedure for the design of appropriate machines. Instead, it shows that appropriate machine design is usually structured along classical design lines. However, no stage is included to help explain the context and its characteristics in a methodical way. In this thesis, a design methodology for appropriate machines in the agricultural field is proposed taking as a basis the study of two real cases of design of agricultural machines in two different contexts. This methodology has as a purpose to include an adequate analysis of the context to the design process indicated by the classical methodologies in mechanical engineering. Special attention is paid to the initial phases of the design and the procedures of classical methodologies are extended, incorporating a stage of own entity to carry out this analysis. The methodology provides a tool that helps design teams document the context as well as the needs and characteristics of the community in a comprehensive, systematic, easy and orderly manner. This tool contemplates aspects related to the environment, the users, the infrastructures and the technological conditions of the environment and the agricultural process that the equipment develops. The proposed methodology is validated by applying it to the real cases studied initially, to a completed project that follows this methodology (an agricultural waste shredder in Ecuador) and to a project of the conceptual design of a cane peeler in two different contexts, Nepal and Ecuador.El diseño de un equipo o producto en un país desarrollado es un proceso caracterizado por la creatividad y, a la vez, marcado por el cumplimiento de unos requisitos que imponen el cliente, los usuarios, el mercado y/o la competencia. La complejidad y la importancia de este proceso de diseño han motivado muchos estudios y el establecimiento de diversas metodologías que ayudan a los equipos de diseño a guiar los procedimientos, enfocar la creatividad y alcanzar los requerimientos acordados. Estas metodologías contemplan, en las decisiones de diseño, estudios de mercado, análisis de necesidades de los usuarios, la generación de especificaciones, propuestas y valoración de alternativas, etc. Llama la atención, sin embargo, que todas ellas dan por hecho implícitamente que el producto o equipo se desarrollará, se fabricará o se utilizará a priori en un contexto industrializado. Esto implica unas características concretas del entorno: gran disponibilidad de recursos energéticos, materiales y tecnológicos, reducción de tiempos y costes, operarios y usuarios con elevada formación, etc. Estas características condicionan de forma no manifiesta el proceso de diseño: no es necesario explicitar el contexto porque se da por supuesto. Sin embargo, existen proyectos en los que el producto diseñado no va dirigido a un contexto desarrollado: su objetivo principal es ayudar al crecimiento y mejorar la calidad de vida de una comunidad en desarrollo. Estos proyectos están enmarcados dentro de las denominadas "tecnologías apropiadas": aquéllas que permiten a las personas salir de la pobreza, mejorar su situación económica y cubrir sus necesidades básicas con los recursos disponibles en su contexto, de una manera sostenible. En estos proyectos, las características del contexto suelen ser clave para el diseño del equipo: por ejemplo, la formación y la cultura de los usuarios, los recursos materiales, tecnológicos y energéticos disponibles o las condiciones geográficas y climáticas. Los proyectos de diseño de equipos para facilitar o mejorar los procesos agrícolas en países en desarrollo entran dentro del ámbito de las tecnologías apropiadas, ya que ayudan a mejorar la productividad y las condiciones de vida de los agricultores, y su diseño ha de adaptarse a las condiciones del contexto para asegurar una correcta apropiación del equipo a la comunidad. La literatura sobre tecnologías apropiadas y metodologías de diseño muestra que no existe un procedimiento claro y específico para el diseño de máquinas apropiadas, pero que éste se suele estructurar siguiendo las metodologías clásicas de diseño. Sin embargo, no se incluye ninguna etapa que ayude a explicitar de forma metódica el contexto y sus características. En esta tesis se propone una metodología de diseño de máquinas apropiadas en el ámbito agrícola, a partir de dos casos reales de diseño de máquinas agrícolas en dos contextos diferentes. Esta metodología tiene como objetivo incluir un análisis adecuado del contexto en el proceso de diseño indicado por las metodologías habituales en ingeniería mecánica. Se presta especial atención a las fases iniciales del diseño, y se amplía el procedimiento de las metodologías clásicas, incorporando una etapa con entidad propia para realizar este análisis. La metodología proporciona una herramienta que ayuda a los equipos de diseño a documentar el contexto, así como las necesidades y características de la comunidad, de forma de forma fácil, exhaustiva y sistemática. Esta herramienta contempla aspectos relacionados con el medioambiente, los usuarios, las infraestructuras y las condiciones tecnológicas del entorno y el proceso agrícola que desarrolla el equipo. La metodología propuesta se valida aplicandola a los casos reales estudiados inicialmente, y un proyecto completo que sigue esta metodología (una trituradora de residuos agrícolas en Ecuador) y a un proyecto del diseño conceptual de un pelador de caña en dos contextos diferentes, Nepal y Ecuador.Universitat Politècnica de CatalunyaRiba Romeva, CarlesFerrer Martí, Laia20182018-07-2020182018-09-12doctoral thesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/121027https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-121027reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Españolspaopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/1210272026-05-27T15:37:01Z
score 15.300724

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