The Mutual Regulation Processes During the Psychodynamic Psychotherapy of Depression: An Observational Study of Communicative Acts in the Construction of the Early Therapeutic Alliance
[eng] Therapeutic conversation represents a continuous and dynamic activity of meaning construction turn by turn, based on a two-way interpretative process between therapist and patient. In particular, verbal structures and intents, vocal characteristics, and speech interruptions are indivisible and...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2021 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Barcelona |
| Repositorio: | Dipòsit Digital de la UB |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/180482 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/2445/180482 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672568 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Psicopatologia Depressió psíquica Psicoteràpia Comunicació oral Llenguatge corporal Terapèutica Pathological psychology Mental depression Psychotherapy Oral communication Body language Therapeutics |
| Sumario: | [eng] Therapeutic conversation represents a continuous and dynamic activity of meaning construction turn by turn, based on a two-way interpretative process between therapist and patient. In particular, verbal structures and intents, vocal characteristics, and speech interruptions are indivisible and fundamental elements of therapeutic discourse; they convey psychological and emotional processes that transform the internal organization of individuals into more complex structures, fostering change. During this activity, verbal and non-verbal components interact with each other, forming a non-linear communication field that expresses the therapeutic process and the clinical function of the therapeutic relationship and fosters the development and regulation of factors such as the therapeutic alliance. This relational dimension, influenced by communicative coordination processes underlying the mutual regulation between participants, is predictive of change, especially in the early stages of psychotherapy. During the therapeutic interaction, patients experience alliance construction by manifesting different verbal and non-verbal behaviors whereby they express their psychological processes and symptoms. In particular, depressed patients present verbal, vocal, and interruption behaviors that are an expression of their symptomatology and impact on communicative exchanges with the therapist, hindering the development and maintenance of the therapeutic alliance and change. In literature, the predominance of verbal communication over the above-stated components resulted in a fragmented communicative field with distinct theories and measurement tools, which prevented the understanding of therapist-patient dynamics and their role in the construction of the early therapeutic alliance at the process level. Studies analyzing the dynamics between communication (as a single and interacting communicative field) and relational aspects in the therapist-patient interplay are absent, especially in the Italian context and in brief focal psychotherapy with depressed patients. Therefore, this doctoral thesis as a collection of two publications aims to identify the verbal, vocal, and interruption behaviors emerging turn by turn between the therapist and depressed patient within psychodynamic psychotherapy and investigate those communicative modes of each participant that foster the alliance construction by the other during mutual regulation processes. A particular case of indirect observational methodology was implemented; as a mixed method in itself, it was able to provide a fuller picture of the therapeutic interaction by supporting it with objective measures. Thirty audio recordings and transcripts of brief focal psychotherapy sessions with ten depressed patients treated by the same therapist (8,327 speaking turns) were considered. The observational design selected to guide and organize the investigation was nomothetic/follow-up/multidimensional, given its greater wealth of information and complexity among low-intensity evaluation designs. Study 1, focused on identifying communicative behaviors through a theory that unify the communicative field, resulted in the construction of an ad hoc indirect observation instrument of the therapeutic conversation based on the performative function of the Speech Act Theory. This classification system showed high intra-and inter-observer reliability and made it possible to describe the participants’ communicative modes trend. Study 2 aimed to investigate the communicative modes of the therapist and depressed patients that, according to the literature, foster the mutual construction of the early therapeutic alliance: asking, exploring, elaborating, and interrupting cooperatively for the former; affirming, exploring, expressing emotions, and interrupting cooperatively for the latter. The study showed the presence of sequential patterns and significant relationships between the selected communicative behaviors and this relational dimension during the mutual regulation processes. All this allows increasing knowledge about these dynamics, providing professionals with useful information to improve the treatment effectiveness and to advance in the application of the mixed-methods approach in the field of psychotherapy research. |
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