Novel gas-diffusion microextraction followed by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry methodology for the determination of fragrance allergens in cosmetic products
An efficient sample preparation method using gas-diffusion microextraction (GDME) followed by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) is proposed for the first time to determine fragrance allergens in both aqueous and alcohol-based cosmetic products. The most significant GD...
| Autores: | , , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC) |
| Repositorio: | Minerva. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:minerva.usc.gal:10347/41684 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10347/41684 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | GDME GC–MS/MS Fragrance allergens Cosmetic products Sample preparation Analytical metrics AGREEPrep 2301 química analítica |
| Sumario: | An efficient sample preparation method using gas-diffusion microextraction (GDME) followed by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) is proposed for the first time to determine fragrance allergens in both aqueous and alcohol-based cosmetic products. The most significant GDME parameters were optimized, starting with extraction temperature as a preliminary experiment. Subsequently, an experimental design was performed to evaluate the influence of six parameters: acceptor solution volume, acetonitrile percentage in the acceptor solution, sample dilution, salting-out effect, extraction time, and sample volume. Under the optimized conditions, the method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, trueness, obtaining a good performance. The validated methodology was applied to twelve real cosmetic samples, demonstrating the widespread occurrence of these allergens in cosmetics. Notably, lilial, a compound prohibited by Regulation EC No 1223/2009, was detected in one cosmetic product (460 μg mL-1); and the concentrations of some of the target fragrance allergens in some samples reach values above 1000 μg mL-1. This methodology represents a sustainable and practical approach, supported by AGREEPrep and BAGI metrics, respectively. |
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