SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant breakthrough infections in nursing home residents after an homologous third dose of the Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccine: Looking for correlates of protection.

We investigated whether peripheral blood levels of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) receptor binding domain antibodies (anti-RBD), neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) targeting Omicron S, and S-reactive-interferon (IFN)-?-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells measured after a homologous booster dose (3D) with the Comi...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Torres, I, Gimenez, E, Albert, E, Zulaica, J, Alvarez-Rodriguez, B, Burgos, JS, Peiro, S, Limon, R, Vanaclocha, H, Rodado, C, Botija, P, Sifre, A, Tur, B, Lozano, RA, Orosa, I, Vicente-Ruiz, MA, Carrion, RJ, Clari, MA, Sanchez-Paya, J, Diez-Domingo, J, Comas, I, Gonzalez-Candelas, F, Geller, R, Navarro, D
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:INCLIVA
Repositorio:r-INCLIVA. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica de INCLIVA
OAI Identifier:oai:incliva.fundanetsuite.com:p16600
Acceso en línea:https://incliva.portalinvestigacion.com/publicaciones/16600
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccine
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
anti-spike antibodies
breakthrough infection
neutralizing antibodies
nursing home residents
spike-reactive T cells
Descripción
Sumario:We investigated whether peripheral blood levels of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) receptor binding domain antibodies (anti-RBD), neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) targeting Omicron S, and S-reactive-interferon (IFN)-?-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells measured after a homologous booster dose (3D) with the Comirnaty® vaccine was associated with the likelihood of subsequent breakthrough infections due to the Omicron variant. An observational study including 146 nursing home residents (median age, 80 years; range, 66-99; 109 female) evaluated for an immunological response after 3D (at a median of 16 days). Anti-RBD total antibodies were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. NtAb were quantified by an Omicron S pseudotyped virus neutralization assay. SARS-CoV-2-S specific-IFN?-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were enumerated by whole-blood flow cytometry for intracellular cytokine staining. In total, 33/146 participants contracted breakthrough Omicron infection (symptomatic in 30/33) within 4 months after 3D. Anti-RBD antibody levels were comparable in infected and uninfected participants (21 123 vs. 24 723 BAU/ml; p = 0.34). Likewise, NtAb titers (reciprocal IC(50) titer, 157 vs. 95; p = 0.32) and frequency of virus-reactive CD4(+) (p = 0.82) and CD8(+) (p = 0.91) T cells were similar across participants in both groups. anti-RBD antibody levels and NtAb titers estimated at around the time of infection were also comparable (3445 vs. 4345 BAU/ml; p = 0.59 and 188.5 vs. 88.9; p = 0.70, respectively). Having detectable NtAb against Omicron or SARS-CoV-2-S-reactive-IFN?-producing CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells after 3D was not correlated with increased protection from breakthrough infection (OR, 1.50; p = 0.54; OR, 0.0; p = 0.99 and OR 3.70; p = 0.23, respectively). None of the immune parameters evaluated herein, including NtAb titers against the Omicron variant, may reliably predict at the individual level the risk of contracting COVID-19 due to the Omicron variant in nursing home residents.

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