Distribution and quantile functions, ranks and signs in dimension d: a measure transportation approach
Unlike the real line, the real space Rd, for d 2, is not canonically ordered. As a consequence,such fundamental univariate concepts as quantileand distribution functions and their empirical counterparts, involving ranksand signs, do not canonically extend to the multivariate context. Palliating that...
| Autores: | , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2021 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Cantabria (UC) |
| Repositorio: | UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/24521 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10902/24521 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Multivariate distribution function Multivariate quantiles Multivariate ranks Multivariate signs Glivenko–Cantelli theorem Basu theorem Distribution-freeness Ancillarity Cyclical monotonicity |
| Sumario: | Unlike the real line, the real space Rd, for d 2, is not canonically ordered. As a consequence,such fundamental univariate concepts as quantileand distribution functions and their empirical counterparts, involving ranksand signs, do not canonically extend to the multivariate context. Palliating that lack of a canonical ordering has been an open problem for more than half a century, generating an abundant literature and motivating, among others, the development of statistical depth and copula-based methods. We show that, unlike the many definitions proposed in the literature, the measure transportation-based ranks and signs introduced in Chernozhukov, Galichon, Hallin and Henry (Ann. Statist. 45 (2017) 223-256) enjoy all the properties that make univariate ranks a successful tool for semiparametric inference. Related with those ranks, we propose a new center-outward definition of multivariate distribution and quantile functions, along with their empirical counterparts, for which we establish a Glivenko-Cantelli result. Our approach is based on McCann (Duke Math. J. 80 (1995) 309-323) and our results do not require any moment assumptions. The resulting ranks and signs are shown to be strictly distribution-free and essentially maximal ancillary in the sense of Basu (Sankhya 21 (1959) 247-256) which, in semiparametric models involving noise with unspecified density, can be interpreted as a finite-sample form of semiparametric efficiency. Although constituting a sufficient summary of the sample, empirical center-outward distribution functions are defined at observed values only. A continuous extension to the entire d-dimensional space, yielding smooth empirical quantile contours and sign curves while preserving the essential monotonicity and Glivenko- Cantelli features of the concept, is provided. A numerical study of the resulting empirical quantile contours is conducted. |
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