Integrative understanding of bias-motivated violence targeting underrepresented populations
[eng] Bias-motivated violence encompasses various types of targeted violence against underrepresented groups and is considered more potentially harmful than non-based biasmotivated violence. Research in this area has flourished during the last two decades, although some gaps and inconsistencies limi...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2023 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Barcelona |
| Repositorio: | Dipòsit Digital de la UB |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/207991 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/2445/207991 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/690166 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Cognició Salut mental Violència Discurs de l'odi Relacions entre grups Cognition Mental health Violence Hate speech Intergroup relations |
| Sumario: | [eng] Bias-motivated violence encompasses various types of targeted violence against underrepresented groups and is considered more potentially harmful than non-based biasmotivated violence. Research in this area has flourished during the last two decades, although some gaps and inconsistencies limit current knowledge. This dissertation aims to synthesize and bridge existing literature on bias-motivated violence by focusing on ethnic and racial minorities. It also provides empirical insights on bias-motivated violence regarding two other underrepresented groups: individuals with intellectual disabilities and sexual minorities. The dissertation consists of four studies, one integrative narrative review, and three research articles using self-reported primary data. Study 1 offers a critical reappraisal of theoretical, methodological, and empirical research from a systemic perspective, bridging existing knowledge by drawing from 134 academic publications across multiple disciplines. It identifies this type of violence as a distinct phenomenon, distinguished by its roots in prejudice, identity, and attitudes, mainly influenced by individual, psychosocial, and ecological factors. Psychological consequences for the victims are heterogeneous and distinctive. Study 2 investigates adverse experiences and their connection to suicide attempts among 924 undergraduate students (M = 20.10 years old, SD = 3.34, 71.6% women). The study compares the participants who self-identify as belonging to a sexual minority (n = 231) with their heterosexual counterparts using a 1:3 ratio propensity. Sexual minority individuals reported higher adversity rates, higher ACE scores (2.70 vs. 1.85), and a threefold increase in suicide attempt risk. Logistic regression reveals a relationship between sexual minority status and some adverse experiences with suicide attempts. Study 3 and Study 4 are from a study of 260 adults with a diagnosis of intellectual disability (59.2% men) aged 20 to 71 years (M = 41.7; SD = 12.0). Study 3 examines the number of different types of victimization experiences and polyvictimization status, comparing bias and non-bias attack victims. The results show that bias victims experienced a wider variety of other types of victimization than non-bias victims (M = 7.74 vs. 4.96) and were four times more likely to be poly-victims. Most victims encountered multiple bias incidents and over a quarter sustained injuries. Study 4 seeks to analyze whether there are differences among victims with intellectual disabilities regarding the types of victimization experienced. For this purpose, it uses latent class analysis to identify three unobserved victimization clusters: High victimization (10.4%), medium victimization but low sexual victimization (37.3%), and low victimization (52.3%). The results emphasize sexual and physical victimization in the highvictimization class, physical victimization in the medium-victimization class, and varying degrees of assault and bias attack experiences in the three classes. Differences in the sociodemographic characteristics of the class members were identified. While the latent class analysis and poly-victimization estimation method showed substantial agreement, they also revealed significant differences in identifying the most victimized individuals. This dissertation highlights the multifaceted nature of bias-motivated violence, its relationship with other forms of violence, its overlap with other types of victimization, and its negative consequences. The studies also advocate for critical and epistemological thinking, aiming to build bridges between different levels of analysis and challenge narrow or groundless assumptions about underrepresented groups. |
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