Exploring dissipation terms in the SPH momentum equation for wave breaking on a vertical pile

Accurate simulation of fluid flow around vertical cylinders is essential in numerous engineering applications, particularly in the design and assessment of offshore structures, bridge piers, and coastal defenses. This study employs the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to investigate the...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Altomare, Corrado|||0000-0001-8817-0431, Li, Yuzhu Pearl, Tafuni, Angelantonio
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/439218
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/439218
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse13061005
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Smoothed particle hydrodynamics
DualSPHysics
Wave breaking
Momentum equation
Viscosity
Turbulence
Coastal engineering
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitària
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spelling Exploring dissipation terms in the SPH momentum equation for wave breaking on a vertical pileAltomare, Corrado|||0000-0001-8817-0431Li, Yuzhu PearlTafuni, AngelantonioSmoothed particle hydrodynamicsDualSPHysicsWave breakingMomentum equationViscosityTurbulenceCoastal engineeringÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitàriaAccurate simulation of fluid flow around vertical cylinders is essential in numerous engineering applications, particularly in the design and assessment of offshore structures, bridge piers, and coastal defenses. This study employs the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to investigate the complex dynamics of breaking waves impacting a vertical pile, a scenario marked by strong free-surface deformation, turbulence, and the wave–structure interaction. The mesh-free nature of SPH makes it especially suitable for capturing such highly nonlinear and transient hydrodynamic phenomena. The primary objective of the research is to evaluate the performance of different SPH dissipation schemes, namely artificial viscosity, laminar viscosity, and sub-particle scale (SPS) turbulence models, in reproducing key hydrodynamic features. Numerical results obtained with each scheme are systematically compared against experimental data to assess their relative accuracy and physical fidelity. Specifically, the laminar + SPS model reproduced the peak horizontal wave force within 5% of experimental values, while the artificial viscosity model overestimated the force by up to 25%. The predicted wave impact occurred at a non-dimensional time of t/T ˜ 0.28, closely matching the experimental observation. Furthermore, force and elevation predictions with the laminar + SPS model remained consistent across three particle spacings (dp = 0.05 m, 0.065 m, 0.076 m), demonstrating good numerical convergence. This work provides critical insights into the suitability of SPH for modeling wave–structure interactions under breaking wave conditions and highlights the importance of proper dissipation modeling in achieving realistic simulations. The performance of the dissipation schemes remained robust across three tested particle spacings, confirming consistency in force and elevation predictions. Additionally, it underscores the sensitivity of SPH predictions to spatial resolution, highlighting the need for careful calibration to ensure robust and reliable outcomes. The study contributes to advancing SPH as a practical tool for engineering design and hazard assessment in coastal and offshore environments.Corrado Altomare acknowledges funding from the Spanish government and the European Social Fund (ESF) under the program ‘Ramón y Cajal 2020’ (RYC 2020-030197-I/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033).Peer ReviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)20252025-06-0120252025-07-22journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/439218https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse13061005reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/4392182026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Exploring dissipation terms in the SPH momentum equation for wave breaking on a vertical pile
title Exploring dissipation terms in the SPH momentum equation for wave breaking on a vertical pile
spellingShingle Exploring dissipation terms in the SPH momentum equation for wave breaking on a vertical pile
Altomare, Corrado|||0000-0001-8817-0431
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics
DualSPHysics
Wave breaking
Momentum equation
Viscosity
Turbulence
Coastal engineering
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitària
title_short Exploring dissipation terms in the SPH momentum equation for wave breaking on a vertical pile
title_full Exploring dissipation terms in the SPH momentum equation for wave breaking on a vertical pile
title_fullStr Exploring dissipation terms in the SPH momentum equation for wave breaking on a vertical pile
title_full_unstemmed Exploring dissipation terms in the SPH momentum equation for wave breaking on a vertical pile
title_sort Exploring dissipation terms in the SPH momentum equation for wave breaking on a vertical pile
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Altomare, Corrado|||0000-0001-8817-0431
Li, Yuzhu Pearl
Tafuni, Angelantonio
author Altomare, Corrado|||0000-0001-8817-0431
author_facet Altomare, Corrado|||0000-0001-8817-0431
Li, Yuzhu Pearl
Tafuni, Angelantonio
author_role author
author2 Li, Yuzhu Pearl
Tafuni, Angelantonio
author2_role author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Smoothed particle hydrodynamics
DualSPHysics
Wave breaking
Momentum equation
Viscosity
Turbulence
Coastal engineering
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitària
topic Smoothed particle hydrodynamics
DualSPHysics
Wave breaking
Momentum equation
Viscosity
Turbulence
Coastal engineering
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitària
description Accurate simulation of fluid flow around vertical cylinders is essential in numerous engineering applications, particularly in the design and assessment of offshore structures, bridge piers, and coastal defenses. This study employs the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to investigate the complex dynamics of breaking waves impacting a vertical pile, a scenario marked by strong free-surface deformation, turbulence, and the wave–structure interaction. The mesh-free nature of SPH makes it especially suitable for capturing such highly nonlinear and transient hydrodynamic phenomena. The primary objective of the research is to evaluate the performance of different SPH dissipation schemes, namely artificial viscosity, laminar viscosity, and sub-particle scale (SPS) turbulence models, in reproducing key hydrodynamic features. Numerical results obtained with each scheme are systematically compared against experimental data to assess their relative accuracy and physical fidelity. Specifically, the laminar + SPS model reproduced the peak horizontal wave force within 5% of experimental values, while the artificial viscosity model overestimated the force by up to 25%. The predicted wave impact occurred at a non-dimensional time of t/T ˜ 0.28, closely matching the experimental observation. Furthermore, force and elevation predictions with the laminar + SPS model remained consistent across three particle spacings (dp = 0.05 m, 0.065 m, 0.076 m), demonstrating good numerical convergence. This work provides critical insights into the suitability of SPH for modeling wave–structure interactions under breaking wave conditions and highlights the importance of proper dissipation modeling in achieving realistic simulations. The performance of the dissipation schemes remained robust across three tested particle spacings, confirming consistency in force and elevation predictions. Additionally, it underscores the sensitivity of SPH predictions to spatial resolution, highlighting the need for careful calibration to ensure robust and reliable outcomes. The study contributes to advancing SPH as a practical tool for engineering design and hazard assessment in coastal and offshore environments.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-06-01
2025
2025-07-22
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/439218
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse13061005
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/439218
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse13061005
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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