Retrieving Sea Surface Salinity With Multi-Angular L-band Brightness Temperatures: Improvement By Spatio-Temporal Averaging.

The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission was selected in May 1999 by the European Space Agency to provide global and frequent soil moisture and sea surface salinity maps. SMOS' single payload is Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS), an L band two-dimensional ape...

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Autores: Camps Carmona, Adriano José|||0000-0002-9514-4992, Vall-Llossera Ferran, Mercedes Magdalena|||0000-0003-1357-7098, Duffo Ubeda, Núria|||0000-0002-9398-3995, Torres Torres, Francisco|||0000-0003-1160-6350, Corbella Sanahuja, Ignasi|||0000-0001-5598-7955, Batres Gonzalez, Luis
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2005
País:España
Recursos:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/1104
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/1104
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Radiometry
Calibration
Salinity
Salinity measurement
L-band
Sea level
Oceanography
averaging
Moisture
Soils
Thermal noise
Geophysics
Radiometers
Interferometers
Image reconstruction
Algorithms
Computer simulation
Soil moisture and ocean salinity
Sea surface salinity
Microwave imaging radiometer
Image reconstruction algorithms
Radiometria
Calibratge
Salinitat
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Circuits de microones, radiofreqüència i ones mil·limètriques
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repository_id_str
spelling Retrieving Sea Surface Salinity With Multi-Angular L-band Brightness Temperatures: Improvement By Spatio-Temporal Averaging.Camps Carmona, Adriano José|||0000-0002-9514-4992Vall-Llossera Ferran, Mercedes Magdalena|||0000-0003-1357-7098Duffo Ubeda, Núria|||0000-0002-9398-3995Torres Torres, Francisco|||0000-0003-1160-6350Corbella Sanahuja, Ignasi|||0000-0001-5598-7955Batres Gonzalez, LuisRadiometryCalibrationSalinitySalinity measurementL-bandSea levelOceanographyaveragingMoistureSoilsThermal noiseGeophysicsRadiometersInterferometersImage reconstructionCalibrationAlgorithmsComputer simulationSoil moisture and ocean salinitySea surface salinityMicrowave imaging radiometerImage reconstruction algorithmsRadiometriaCalibratgeSalinitatÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Circuits de microones, radiofreqüència i ones mil·limètriquesThe Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission was selected in May 1999 by the European Space Agency to provide global and frequent soil moisture and sea surface salinity maps. SMOS' single payload is Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS), an L band two-dimensional aperture synthesis interferometric radiometer with multiangular observation capabilities. Most geophysical parameter retrieval errors studies have assumed the independence of measurements both in time and space so that the standard deviation of the retrieval errors decreases with the inverse of square root of the number of measurements being averaged. This assumption is especially critical in the case of sea surface salinity (SSS), where spatiotemporal averaging is required to achieve the ultimate goal of 0.1 psu error. This work presents a detailed study of the SSS error reduction by spatiotemporal averaging, using the SMOS end-to-end performance simulator (SEPS), including thermal noise, all instrumental error sources, current error correction and image reconstruction algorithms, and correction of atmospheric and sky noises. The most important error sources are the biases that appear in the brightness temperature images. Three different sources of biases have been identified: errors in the noise injection radiometers, Sun contributions to the antenna temperature, and imaging under aliasing conditions. A calibration technique has been devised to correct these biases prior to the SSS retrieval at each satellite overpass. Simulation results show a retrieved salinity error of 0.2 psu in warm open ocean, and up to 0.7 psu at high latitudes and near the coast, where the external calibration method presents more difficulties.Peer ReviewedAMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION20052005-03-3120072007-06-29journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501NAhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/1104reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/11042026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Retrieving Sea Surface Salinity With Multi-Angular L-band Brightness Temperatures: Improvement By Spatio-Temporal Averaging.
title Retrieving Sea Surface Salinity With Multi-Angular L-band Brightness Temperatures: Improvement By Spatio-Temporal Averaging.
spellingShingle Retrieving Sea Surface Salinity With Multi-Angular L-band Brightness Temperatures: Improvement By Spatio-Temporal Averaging.
Camps Carmona, Adriano José|||0000-0002-9514-4992
Radiometry
Calibration
Salinity
Salinity measurement
L-band
Sea level
Oceanography
averaging
Moisture
Soils
Thermal noise
Geophysics
Radiometers
Interferometers
Image reconstruction
Calibration
Algorithms
Computer simulation
Soil moisture and ocean salinity
Sea surface salinity
Microwave imaging radiometer
Image reconstruction algorithms
Radiometria
Calibratge
Salinitat
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Circuits de microones, radiofreqüència i ones mil·limètriques
title_short Retrieving Sea Surface Salinity With Multi-Angular L-band Brightness Temperatures: Improvement By Spatio-Temporal Averaging.
title_full Retrieving Sea Surface Salinity With Multi-Angular L-band Brightness Temperatures: Improvement By Spatio-Temporal Averaging.
title_fullStr Retrieving Sea Surface Salinity With Multi-Angular L-band Brightness Temperatures: Improvement By Spatio-Temporal Averaging.
title_full_unstemmed Retrieving Sea Surface Salinity With Multi-Angular L-band Brightness Temperatures: Improvement By Spatio-Temporal Averaging.
title_sort Retrieving Sea Surface Salinity With Multi-Angular L-band Brightness Temperatures: Improvement By Spatio-Temporal Averaging.
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Camps Carmona, Adriano José|||0000-0002-9514-4992
Vall-Llossera Ferran, Mercedes Magdalena|||0000-0003-1357-7098
Duffo Ubeda, Núria|||0000-0002-9398-3995
Torres Torres, Francisco|||0000-0003-1160-6350
Corbella Sanahuja, Ignasi|||0000-0001-5598-7955
Batres Gonzalez, Luis
author Camps Carmona, Adriano José|||0000-0002-9514-4992
author_facet Camps Carmona, Adriano José|||0000-0002-9514-4992
Vall-Llossera Ferran, Mercedes Magdalena|||0000-0003-1357-7098
Duffo Ubeda, Núria|||0000-0002-9398-3995
Torres Torres, Francisco|||0000-0003-1160-6350
Corbella Sanahuja, Ignasi|||0000-0001-5598-7955
Batres Gonzalez, Luis
author_role author
author2 Vall-Llossera Ferran, Mercedes Magdalena|||0000-0003-1357-7098
Duffo Ubeda, Núria|||0000-0002-9398-3995
Torres Torres, Francisco|||0000-0003-1160-6350
Corbella Sanahuja, Ignasi|||0000-0001-5598-7955
Batres Gonzalez, Luis
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Radiometry
Calibration
Salinity
Salinity measurement
L-band
Sea level
Oceanography
averaging
Moisture
Soils
Thermal noise
Geophysics
Radiometers
Interferometers
Image reconstruction
Calibration
Algorithms
Computer simulation
Soil moisture and ocean salinity
Sea surface salinity
Microwave imaging radiometer
Image reconstruction algorithms
Radiometria
Calibratge
Salinitat
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Circuits de microones, radiofreqüència i ones mil·limètriques
topic Radiometry
Calibration
Salinity
Salinity measurement
L-band
Sea level
Oceanography
averaging
Moisture
Soils
Thermal noise
Geophysics
Radiometers
Interferometers
Image reconstruction
Calibration
Algorithms
Computer simulation
Soil moisture and ocean salinity
Sea surface salinity
Microwave imaging radiometer
Image reconstruction algorithms
Radiometria
Calibratge
Salinitat
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Circuits de microones, radiofreqüència i ones mil·limètriques
description The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission was selected in May 1999 by the European Space Agency to provide global and frequent soil moisture and sea surface salinity maps. SMOS' single payload is Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS), an L band two-dimensional aperture synthesis interferometric radiometer with multiangular observation capabilities. Most geophysical parameter retrieval errors studies have assumed the independence of measurements both in time and space so that the standard deviation of the retrieval errors decreases with the inverse of square root of the number of measurements being averaged. This assumption is especially critical in the case of sea surface salinity (SSS), where spatiotemporal averaging is required to achieve the ultimate goal of 0.1 psu error. This work presents a detailed study of the SSS error reduction by spatiotemporal averaging, using the SMOS end-to-end performance simulator (SEPS), including thermal noise, all instrumental error sources, current error correction and image reconstruction algorithms, and correction of atmospheric and sky noises. The most important error sources are the biases that appear in the brightness temperature images. Three different sources of biases have been identified: errors in the noise injection radiometers, Sun contributions to the antenna temperature, and imaging under aliasing conditions. A calibration technique has been devised to correct these biases prior to the SSS retrieval at each satellite overpass. Simulation results show a retrieved salinity error of 0.2 psu in warm open ocean, and up to 0.7 psu at high latitudes and near the coast, where the external calibration method presents more difficulties.
publishDate 2005
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2005
2005-03-31
2007
2007-06-29
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
NA
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/1104
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/1104
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
publisher.none.fl_str_mv AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1869408425179348992
score 15.301603

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