A literature review on the role of Culicoides in the transmission of avian blood parasites in Europe

Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges are a diverse group of insect vectors that transmit pathogens affecting humans, livestock, and wild animals. Among them, Oropouche virus, African Horse sickness virus, and bluetongue virus are the most notable pathogens. However, comparatively litt...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Fernandes Chagas, Carolina Romeiro, Bernotienė, Rasa, Bobeva, Aneliya, Bukauskaitė, Dovilė, Ferraguti, Martina, Gutiérrez-López, Rafael, Kazak, Margarita, Mathieu, Bruno, Valavičiūte-Pocienė, Kristina, Santiago-Alarcón, Diego, Svobodová, Milena, Veiga, Jesús, Votýpka, Jan, Žiegytė, Rita, Martínez de la Puente, Josué
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/396629
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/396629
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Avian malaria
Birds
Blood parasites
Culicoides
Haemoproteus
Vectors
Trypanosoma
Descripción
Sumario:Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges are a diverse group of insect vectors that transmit pathogens affecting humans, livestock, and wild animals. Among them, Oropouche virus, African Horse sickness virus, and bluetongue virus are the most notable pathogens. However, comparatively little is known about which Culicoides species serve as vectors of wildlife parasites affecting wild birds globally, including the malaria-like parasite of the genus Haemoproteus (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae) and kinetoplastid Trypanosoma (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae). Beyond the direct impact of their bites, infections by these parasites negatively affect wild birds from early developmental stages, significantly influencing their ecology and evolution. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the role of Culicoides species in the transmission of these two genera of avian parasites in Europe: Haemoproteus and Trypanosoma. We identify key information and methods used to study Culicoides–bird–parasite interactions, from insect sampling to vector competence assessment. Additionally, we highlight key knowledge gaps and propose future research directions in this area.

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