Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirs

Nava, Veronica; Chandra, Sudeep; Aherne, Julian; Alfonso, María B.; Antão-Geraldes, Ana M.; Attermeyer, Katrin; Bao, Roberto; Bartrons, Mireia; Berger, Stella A.; Biernaczyk, Marcin; Bissen, Raphael; Brookes, Justin D.; Brown, David; Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel; Canle, Moisés; Capelli, Camilla; Carballeira, Rafael; Cereijo, José Luis; Chawchai, Sakonvan; Christensen, Søren T.; Christoffersen, Kirsten S.; de Eyto, Elvira; Delgado, Jorge; Dornan, Tyler N; Doubek, Jonathan P.; Dusaucy, Julia; Erina, Oxana; Ersoy, Zeynep; Feuchtmayr, Heidrun; Frezzotti, Maria Luce; Galafassi, Silvia; Gateuille, David; Gonçalves, Vitor; Grossart, Hans-Peter; Hamilton, David P.; Harris, Ted D.; Kangur, Külli; Kankılıç, Gökben Başaran; Kessler, Rebecca; Kiel, Christine; Krynak, Edward M; Leiva-Presa, Àngels; Lepori, Fabio; Matias, Miguel G.; Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro S.; McElarney, Yvonne; Messyasz, Beata; Mitchell, Mark; Mlambo, Musa C.; Motitsoe, Samuel N.; Nandini, Sarma; Orlandi, Valentina; Owens, Caroline; Özkundakci, Deniz; Pinnow, Solvig; Pociecha, Agnieszka; Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel; Rõõm, Eva-Ingrid; Rotta, Federica; Salmaso, Nico; Sarma, S. S. S.; Sartirana, Davide; Scordo, Facundo; Sibomana, Claver; Siewert, Daniel; Stepanowska, Katarzyna; Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü Nihan; Tereshina, Maria; Thompson, James; Tolotti, Monica; Valois, Amanda; Verburg, Piet; Welsh, Brittany; Wesolek, Brian; Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.; Wu, Naicheng; Zawisza, Edyta; Zink, Lauren; Leoni, Barbara

Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirs

Plastic debris is thought to be widespread in freshwater ecosystems globally1. However, a lack of comprehensive and comparable data makes rigorous assessment of its distribution challenging2,3. Here we present a standardized cross-national survey that assesses the abundance and type of plastic debri...

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Autores:	Nava, Veronica, Chandra, Sudeep, Aherne, Julian, Alfonso, María B., Antão-Geraldes, Ana M., Attermeyer, Katrin, Bao, Roberto, Bartrons, Mireia, Berger, Stella A., Biernaczyk, Marcin, Bissen, Raphael, Brookes, Justin D., Brown, David, Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel, Canle, Moisés, Capelli, Camilla, Carballeira, Rafael, Cereijo, José Luis, Chawchai, Sakonvan, Christensen, Søren T., Christoffersen, Kirsten S., de Eyto, Elvira, Delgado, Jorge, Dornan, Tyler N, Doubek, Jonathan P., Dusaucy, Julia, Erina, Oxana, Ersoy, Zeynep, Feuchtmayr, Heidrun, Frezzotti, Maria Luce, Galafassi, Silvia, Gateuille, David, Gonçalves, Vitor, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Hamilton, David P., Harris, Ted D., Kangur, Külli, Kankılıç, Gökben Başaran, Kessler, Rebecca, Kiel, Christine, Krynak, Edward M, Leiva-Presa, Àngels, Lepori, Fabio, Matias, Miguel G., Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro S., McElarney, Yvonne, Messyasz, Beata, Mitchell, Mark, Mlambo, Musa C., Motitsoe, Samuel N., Nandini, Sarma, Orlandi, Valentina, Owens, Caroline, Özkundakci, Deniz, Pinnow, Solvig, Pociecha, Agnieszka, Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel, Rõõm, Eva-Ingrid, Rotta, Federica, Salmaso, Nico, Sarma, S. S. S., Sartirana, Davide, Scordo, Facundo, Sibomana, Claver, Siewert, Daniel, Stepanowska, Katarzyna, Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü Nihan, Tereshina, Maria, Thompson, James, Tolotti, Monica, Valois, Amanda, Verburg, Piet, Welsh, Brittany, Wesolek, Brian, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Wu, Naicheng, Zawisza, Edyta, Zink, Lauren, Leoni, Barbara
Tipo de recurso:	artículo
Estado:	Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:	2023
País:	España
Institución:	Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:	DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:	oai:digital.csic.es:10261/331658
Acceso en línea:	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/331658 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85164541176
Access Level:	acceso abierto
Palabra clave:	Plastic debris Plastic pollution Freshwater ecosystems Lakes http://metadata.un.org/sdg/6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

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network_acronym_str	ES
network_name_str	España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirs
title	Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirs
spellingShingle	Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirs Nava, Veronica Plastic debris Plastic pollution Freshwater ecosystems Lakes http://metadata.un.org/sdg/6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
title_short	Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirs
title_full	Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirs
title_fullStr	Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirs
title_full_unstemmed	Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirs
title_sort	Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirs
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv	Nava, Veronica Chandra, Sudeep Aherne, Julian Alfonso, María B. Antão-Geraldes, Ana M. Attermeyer, Katrin Bao, Roberto Bartrons, Mireia Berger, Stella A. Biernaczyk, Marcin Bissen, Raphael Brookes, Justin D. Brown, David Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel Canle, Moisés Capelli, Camilla Carballeira, Rafael Cereijo, José Luis Chawchai, Sakonvan Christensen, Søren T. Christoffersen, Kirsten S. de Eyto, Elvira Delgado, Jorge Dornan, Tyler N Doubek, Jonathan P. Dusaucy, Julia Erina, Oxana Ersoy, Zeynep Feuchtmayr, Heidrun Frezzotti, Maria Luce Galafassi, Silvia Gateuille, David Gonçalves, Vitor Grossart, Hans-Peter Hamilton, David P. Harris, Ted D. Kangur, Külli Kankılıç, Gökben Başaran Kessler, Rebecca Kiel, Christine Krynak, Edward M Leiva-Presa, Àngels Lepori, Fabio Matias, Miguel G. Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro S. McElarney, Yvonne Messyasz, Beata Mitchell, Mark Mlambo, Musa C. Motitsoe, Samuel N. Nandini, Sarma Orlandi, Valentina Owens, Caroline Özkundakci, Deniz Pinnow, Solvig Pociecha, Agnieszka Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel Rõõm, Eva-Ingrid Rotta, Federica Salmaso, Nico Sarma, S. S. S. Sartirana, Davide Scordo, Facundo Sibomana, Claver Siewert, Daniel Stepanowska, Katarzyna Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü Nihan Tereshina, Maria Thompson, James Tolotti, Monica Valois, Amanda Verburg, Piet Welsh, Brittany Wesolek, Brian Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Wu, Naicheng Zawisza, Edyta Zink, Lauren Leoni, Barbara
author	Nava, Veronica
author_facet	Nava, Veronica Chandra, Sudeep Aherne, Julian Alfonso, María B. Antão-Geraldes, Ana M. Attermeyer, Katrin Bao, Roberto Bartrons, Mireia Berger, Stella A. Biernaczyk, Marcin Bissen, Raphael Brookes, Justin D. Brown, David Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel Canle, Moisés Capelli, Camilla Carballeira, Rafael Cereijo, José Luis Chawchai, Sakonvan Christensen, Søren T. Christoffersen, Kirsten S. de Eyto, Elvira Delgado, Jorge Dornan, Tyler N Doubek, Jonathan P. Dusaucy, Julia Erina, Oxana Ersoy, Zeynep Feuchtmayr, Heidrun Frezzotti, Maria Luce Galafassi, Silvia Gateuille, David Gonçalves, Vitor Grossart, Hans-Peter Hamilton, David P. Harris, Ted D. Kangur, Külli Kankılıç, Gökben Başaran Kessler, Rebecca Kiel, Christine Krynak, Edward M Leiva-Presa, Àngels Lepori, Fabio Matias, Miguel G. Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro S. McElarney, Yvonne Messyasz, Beata Mitchell, Mark Mlambo, Musa C. Motitsoe, Samuel N. Nandini, Sarma Orlandi, Valentina Owens, Caroline Özkundakci, Deniz Pinnow, Solvig Pociecha, Agnieszka Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel Rõõm, Eva-Ingrid Rotta, Federica Salmaso, Nico Sarma, S. S. S. Sartirana, Davide Scordo, Facundo Sibomana, Claver Siewert, Daniel Stepanowska, Katarzyna Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü Nihan Tereshina, Maria Thompson, James Tolotti, Monica Valois, Amanda Verburg, Piet Welsh, Brittany Wesolek, Brian Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Wu, Naicheng Zawisza, Edyta Zink, Lauren Leoni, Barbara
author_role	author
author2	Chandra, Sudeep Aherne, Julian Alfonso, María B. Antão-Geraldes, Ana M. Attermeyer, Katrin Bao, Roberto Bartrons, Mireia Berger, Stella A. Biernaczyk, Marcin Bissen, Raphael Brookes, Justin D. Brown, David Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel Canle, Moisés Capelli, Camilla Carballeira, Rafael Cereijo, José Luis Chawchai, Sakonvan Christensen, Søren T. Christoffersen, Kirsten S. de Eyto, Elvira Delgado, Jorge Dornan, Tyler N Doubek, Jonathan P. Dusaucy, Julia Erina, Oxana Ersoy, Zeynep Feuchtmayr, Heidrun Frezzotti, Maria Luce Galafassi, Silvia Gateuille, David Gonçalves, Vitor Grossart, Hans-Peter Hamilton, David P. Harris, Ted D. Kangur, Külli Kankılıç, Gökben Başaran Kessler, Rebecca Kiel, Christine Krynak, Edward M Leiva-Presa, Àngels Lepori, Fabio Matias, Miguel G. Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro S. McElarney, Yvonne Messyasz, Beata Mitchell, Mark Mlambo, Musa C. Motitsoe, Samuel N. Nandini, Sarma Orlandi, Valentina Owens, Caroline Özkundakci, Deniz Pinnow, Solvig Pociecha, Agnieszka Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel Rõõm, Eva-Ingrid Rotta, Federica Salmaso, Nico Sarma, S. S. S. Sartirana, Davide Scordo, Facundo Sibomana, Claver Siewert, Daniel Stepanowska, Katarzyna Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü Nihan Tereshina, Maria Thompson, James Tolotti, Monica Valois, Amanda Verburg, Piet Welsh, Brittany Wesolek, Brian Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Wu, Naicheng Zawisza, Edyta Zink, Lauren Leoni, Barbara
author2_role	author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv	0000-0002-2770-1937 0000-0003-1724-5154 0000-0003-0543-8098 0000-0003-4966-2227 0000-0002-2928-2836 0000-0003-0617-9577 0000-0002-8835-545X 0000-0002-7542-4233 0000-0002-4832-5141 0000-0003-3864-7451 0000-0002-4814-7795 0000-0002-4617-305X 0000-0002-2807-6942 0000-0002-0593-9725 0000-0003-0527-9381 0009-0001-1959-4318 0000-0002-3324-1017 0000-0003-2281-2491 0000-0002-8261-8087 0000-0002-4998-7577 0000-0003-2651-4715 0000-0003-2344-9874 0000-0002-2028-4843 0000-0002-6992-8259 0000-0002-9341-8777 0000-0003-0944-8007 0000-0003-2484-4075 0000-0001-7551-4899 0000-0002-8424-2140 0000-0001-9147-6810 0000-0002-6655-2604 0000-0002-6438-9452 0000-0003-2744-1343 0000-0002-4772-4650 0000-0001-7624-5686 0000-0002-6592-3725 0000-0001-5614-6234 0000-0002-1675-5702 0000-0002-5442-4576 0000-0002-0208-8806 0000-0002-7461-0851 0000-0002-7318-7991 0000-0002-1259-1683 0000-0001-6057-3642 0000-0003-2820-1579 0000-0002-2997-0233 0000-0002-6439-1640 0009-0008-4761-5375 0000-0001-7574-9161 0000-0002-4013-2281 0000-0002-5652-3631 0000-0002-1330-608X 0000-0003-1083-9136 0000-0001-9448-9457 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	Plastic debris Plastic pollution Freshwater ecosystems Lakes http://metadata.un.org/sdg/6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
topic	Plastic debris Plastic pollution Freshwater ecosystems Lakes http://metadata.un.org/sdg/6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
description	Plastic debris is thought to be widespread in freshwater ecosystems globally1. However, a lack of comprehensive and comparable data makes rigorous assessment of its distribution challenging2,3. Here we present a standardized cross-national survey that assesses the abundance and type of plastic debris (>250 μm) in freshwater ecosystems. We sample surface waters of 38 lakes and reservoirs, distributed across gradients of geographical position and limnological attributes, with the aim to identify factors associated with an increased observation of plastics. We find plastic debris in all studied lakes and reservoirs, suggesting that these ecosystems play a key role in the plastic-pollution cycle. Our results indicate that two types of lakes are particularly vulnerable to plastic contamination: lakes and reservoirs in densely populated and urbanized areas and large lakes and reservoirs with elevated deposition areas, long water-retention times and high levels of anthropogenic influence. Plastic concentrations vary widely among lakes; in the most polluted, concentrations reach or even exceed those reported in the subtropical oceanic gyres, marine areas collecting large amounts of debris4. Our findings highlight the importance of including lakes and reservoirs when addressing plastic pollution, in the context of pollution management and for the continued provision of lake ecosystem services.
publishDate	2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv	2023 2023 2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Postprint info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format	article
status_str	acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/331658 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85164541176
url	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/331658 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85164541176
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv	Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv	Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv	Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06168-4 Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Nature Publishing Group
publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Nature Publishing Group
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv	reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str	Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str	DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection	DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling	Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirsNava, VeronicaChandra, SudeepAherne, JulianAlfonso, María B.Antão-Geraldes, Ana M.Attermeyer, KatrinBao, RobertoBartrons, MireiaBerger, Stella A.Biernaczyk, MarcinBissen, RaphaelBrookes, Justin D.Brown, DavidCañedo-Argüelles, MiguelCanle, MoisésCapelli, CamillaCarballeira, RafaelCereijo, José LuisChawchai, SakonvanChristensen, Søren T.Christoffersen, Kirsten S.de Eyto, ElviraDelgado, JorgeDornan, Tyler NDoubek, Jonathan P.Dusaucy, JuliaErina, OxanaErsoy, ZeynepFeuchtmayr, HeidrunFrezzotti, Maria LuceGalafassi, SilviaGateuille, DavidGonçalves, VitorGrossart, Hans-PeterHamilton, David P.Harris, Ted D.Kangur, KülliKankılıç, Gökben BaşaranKessler, RebeccaKiel, ChristineKrynak, Edward MLeiva-Presa, ÀngelsLepori, FabioMatias, Miguel G.Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro S.McElarney, YvonneMessyasz, BeataMitchell, MarkMlambo, Musa C.Motitsoe, Samuel N.Nandini, SarmaOrlandi, ValentinaOwens, CarolineÖzkundakci, DenizPinnow, SolvigPociecha, AgnieszkaRaposeiro, Pedro MiguelRõõm, Eva-IngridRotta, FedericaSalmaso, NicoSarma, S. S. S.Sartirana, DavideScordo, FacundoSibomana, ClaverSiewert, DanielStepanowska, KatarzynaTavşanoğlu, Ülkü NihanTereshina, MariaThompson, JamesTolotti, MonicaValois, AmandaVerburg, PietWelsh, BrittanyWesolek, BrianWeyhenmeyer, Gesa A.Wu, NaichengZawisza, EdytaZink, LaurenLeoni, BarbaraPlastic debrisPlastic pollutionFreshwater ecosystemsLakeshttp://metadata.un.org/sdg/6Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for allPlastic debris is thought to be widespread in freshwater ecosystems globally1. However, a lack of comprehensive and comparable data makes rigorous assessment of its distribution challenging2,3. Here we present a standardized cross-national survey that assesses the abundance and type of plastic debris (>250 μm) in freshwater ecosystems. We sample surface waters of 38 lakes and reservoirs, distributed across gradients of geographical position and limnological attributes, with the aim to identify factors associated with an increased observation of plastics. We find plastic debris in all studied lakes and reservoirs, suggesting that these ecosystems play a key role in the plastic-pollution cycle. Our results indicate that two types of lakes are particularly vulnerable to plastic contamination: lakes and reservoirs in densely populated and urbanized areas and large lakes and reservoirs with elevated deposition areas, long water-retention times and high levels of anthropogenic influence. Plastic concentrations vary widely among lakes; in the most polluted, concentrations reach or even exceed those reported in the subtropical oceanic gyres, marine areas collecting large amounts of debris4. Our findings highlight the importance of including lakes and reservoirs when addressing plastic pollution, in the context of pollution management and for the continued provision of lake ecosystem services.This manuscript benefited from conversations at meetings of the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON; supported by funding from US NSF grants 1137327 and 1702991). This work was supported by the University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB). Raman facilities were provided by the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT, UNIMIB) and the Interdepartmental Network of Spectroscopy (UNIMIB). We gratefully acknowledge G. Candian and E. Caprini for their assistance in the laboratory activities and data analysis. A.M.A.-G. acknowledges the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020) and SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020). R. Bao acknowledges support from Project IMPACOM (PID2019-107424RB-I00) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. M.C.-A. was supported by a Ramon y Cajal contract financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2020-029829-I). M.C. acknowledges support from Cátedra EMALCSA-UDC (industrial chair). R.C. was supported by a Juan de la Cierva contract and Project FJC (FJC-2021-046415-I) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation financed by the Next Generation EU. Z.E. and M.G.M. acknowledge support from the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) project no. PTDC/CTA-AMB/30793/2017 (AdaptAlentejo—Predicting ecosystem-level responses to climate change). H.F. acknowledges support from the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCaPE programme delivering National Capability. H.-P.G. and S.P. were supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation 772 programme under grant agreement number 965367 (PlasticsFatE). D.P.H. acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council (DP190101848). S.N.M. acknowledges support from Rhodes University and the University Capacity Development Programme. K.K. acknowledges support from grant PRG 1266 of the Estonian Research Council. S.N. and S.S.S.S. acknowledge support from PAPIIT UNAM IG200820. A.P. acknowledges support from the Institute of Nature Conservation (Polish Academy of Sciences). P.R. acknowledges support from Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) (DL57/2016/ICETA/EEC2018/25). E.-I.R. acknowledges support from grant PUT1598 of the Estonian Research Council. C.S. acknowledges support from the Flemish Interuniversity Council through the VLIR-UOS/UB Programme. G.A.W. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council (VR; grant no. 2020-03222) and Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS; grant no. 2020-01091). N.W. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 52279068). F.S. acknowledges support from an IAI-CONICET special grant.Peer reviewedNature Publishing Group0000-0002-2770-19370000-0003-1724-51540000-0003-0543-80980000-0003-4966-22270000-0002-2928-28360000-0003-0617-95770000-0002-8835-545X0000-0002-7542-42330000-0002-4832-51410000-0003-3864-74510000-0002-4814-77950000-0002-4617-305X0000-0002-2807-69420000-0002-0593-97250000-0003-0527-93810009-0001-1959-43180000-0002-3324-10170000-0003-2281-24910000-0002-8261-80870000-0002-4998-75770000-0003-2651-47150000-0003-2344-98740000-0002-2028-48430000-0002-6992-82590000-0002-9341-87770000-0003-0944-80070000-0003-2484-40750000-0001-7551-48990000-0002-8424-21400000-0001-9147-68100000-0002-6655-26040000-0002-6438-94520000-0003-2744-13430000-0002-4772-46500000-0001-7624-56860000-0002-6592-37250000-0001-5614-62340000-0002-1675-57020000-0002-5442-45760000-0002-0208-88060000-0002-7461-08510000-0002-7318-79910000-0002-1259-16830000-0001-6057-36420000-0003-2820-15790000-0002-2997-02330000-0002-6439-16400009-0008-4761-53750000-0001-7574-91610000-0002-4013-22810000-0002-5652-36310000-0002-1330-608X0000-0003-1083-91360000-0001-9448-9457Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202320232023info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Postprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/331658https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85164541176reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésNaturehttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06168-4Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3316582026-05-22T06:33:51Z
score	15.81155

Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirs

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