Resource-Efficient FPGA Architecture for Real-Time RFI Mitigation in Interferometric Radiometers

Interferometric radiometers operating at L-band, such as ESA's SMOS mission, enable crucial Earth observations providing high-resolution measurements of soil moisture, ocean salinity, and other geophysical parameters. However, the increasing electromagnetic spectrum utilization has led to signi...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Pérez-Portero, Adrián, Querol, Jorge, Camps, Adriano
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/382430
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/382430
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85213278146
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:FPGA
RFI
Earth observation
Interferometric radiometers
Polarimetry
Radio frequency interferece
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spelling Resource-Efficient FPGA Architecture for Real-Time RFI Mitigation in Interferometric RadiometersPérez-Portero, AdriánQuerol, JorgeCamps, AdrianoFPGARFIEarth observationInterferometric radiometersPolarimetryRadio frequency interfereceInterferometric radiometers operating at L-band, such as ESA's SMOS mission, enable crucial Earth observations providing high-resolution measurements of soil moisture, ocean salinity, and other geophysical parameters. However, the increasing electromagnetic spectrum utilization has led to significant Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) challenges, particularly critical given the sensors' fine temperature resolution requirements of less than 1 K. This work presents the hardware implementation of an advanced RFI detection and mitigation algorithm specifically designed for interferometric radiometers, targeting future L-band missions. The implementation processes 1-bit quantized signals at 57.69375 MHz from multiple receivers, employing time-frequency analysis and polarimetric detection techniques while optimizing Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) resource utilization. Novel optimization strategies include overclocked processing cores operating at 230.775 MHz, efficient resource sharing through operation serialization, and strategic memory management. The system achieves real-time processing capabilities while maintaining detection probabilities above 63% with false alarm rates below 1% for typical interference scenarios. Performance validation using synthetic datasets demonstrates robust operation across various RFI conditions, making this implementation suitable as part of the RFI detection and mitigation efforts for future interferometric radiometer missions beyond SMOS.This research was funded by ESA, grant number ITT AO9359, by project “GENESIS: GNSS Environmental and Societal Missions—Subproject UPC”, Grant PID2021-126436OB-C21, sponsored by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and EU ERDF “A way to do Europe”, and grant for recruitment of early stage research staff of Agència Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain (FISDUR2020/105).Peer reviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)European CommissionGeneralitat de CatalunyaEuropean Space AgencyPérez-Portero, Adrián [0000-0003-2736-1028]Querol, Jorge [0000-0002-8500-5534]Camps, Adriano [0000-0002-9514-4992]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252024info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/382430https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85213278146reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-126436OB-C21info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//FISDUR2020https://doi.org/10.3390/s24248001Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3824302026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Resource-Efficient FPGA Architecture for Real-Time RFI Mitigation in Interferometric Radiometers
title Resource-Efficient FPGA Architecture for Real-Time RFI Mitigation in Interferometric Radiometers
spellingShingle Resource-Efficient FPGA Architecture for Real-Time RFI Mitigation in Interferometric Radiometers
Pérez-Portero, Adrián
FPGA
RFI
Earth observation
Interferometric radiometers
Polarimetry
Radio frequency interferece
title_short Resource-Efficient FPGA Architecture for Real-Time RFI Mitigation in Interferometric Radiometers
title_full Resource-Efficient FPGA Architecture for Real-Time RFI Mitigation in Interferometric Radiometers
title_fullStr Resource-Efficient FPGA Architecture for Real-Time RFI Mitigation in Interferometric Radiometers
title_full_unstemmed Resource-Efficient FPGA Architecture for Real-Time RFI Mitigation in Interferometric Radiometers
title_sort Resource-Efficient FPGA Architecture for Real-Time RFI Mitigation in Interferometric Radiometers
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Pérez-Portero, Adrián
Querol, Jorge
Camps, Adriano
author Pérez-Portero, Adrián
author_facet Pérez-Portero, Adrián
Querol, Jorge
Camps, Adriano
author_role author
author2 Querol, Jorge
Camps, Adriano
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
European Commission
Generalitat de Catalunya
European Space Agency
Pérez-Portero, Adrián [0000-0003-2736-1028]
Querol, Jorge [0000-0002-8500-5534]
Camps, Adriano [0000-0002-9514-4992]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv FPGA
RFI
Earth observation
Interferometric radiometers
Polarimetry
Radio frequency interferece
topic FPGA
RFI
Earth observation
Interferometric radiometers
Polarimetry
Radio frequency interferece
description Interferometric radiometers operating at L-band, such as ESA's SMOS mission, enable crucial Earth observations providing high-resolution measurements of soil moisture, ocean salinity, and other geophysical parameters. However, the increasing electromagnetic spectrum utilization has led to significant Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) challenges, particularly critical given the sensors' fine temperature resolution requirements of less than 1 K. This work presents the hardware implementation of an advanced RFI detection and mitigation algorithm specifically designed for interferometric radiometers, targeting future L-band missions. The implementation processes 1-bit quantized signals at 57.69375 MHz from multiple receivers, employing time-frequency analysis and polarimetric detection techniques while optimizing Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) resource utilization. Novel optimization strategies include overclocked processing cores operating at 230.775 MHz, efficient resource sharing through operation serialization, and strategic memory management. The system achieves real-time processing capabilities while maintaining detection probabilities above 63% with false alarm rates below 1% for typical interference scenarios. Performance validation using synthetic datasets demonstrates robust operation across various RFI conditions, making this implementation suitable as part of the RFI detection and mitigation efforts for future interferometric radiometer missions beyond SMOS.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/382430
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85213278146
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/382430
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85213278146
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-126436OB-C21
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//FISDUR2020
https://doi.org/10.3390/s24248001
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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