Soil cover improves soil quality in a young walnut forest in the Sichuan Basin, China

The soil quality index (SQI) is based on several key indicators and is used to assess soil quality. More than 250,000 ha of walnut saplings (Juglans regia L.) were planted in previous cropland areas in the Sichuan Basin, China, using a range of soil cover types that may affect soil quality with effe...

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Autores: Tie, Liehua|||0000-0003-4105-3945, Feng, Maosong, Huang, Congde|||0000-0002-6379-7497, Peñuelas, Josep|||0000-0002-7215-0150, Sardans i Galobart, Jordi|||0000-0003-2478-0219, Bai, Wenyu, Han, Dongmiao, Wu, Tao, Li, Wenbing
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:237047
Acceso en línea:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/237047
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.3390/f12020236
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Soil quality
Soil cover
Forest soil
Microbial biomass carbon
Soil fauna
Biogeochemical cycle
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spelling Soil cover improves soil quality in a young walnut forest in the Sichuan Basin, ChinaTie, Liehua|||0000-0003-4105-3945Feng, MaosongHuang, Congde|||0000-0002-6379-7497Peñuelas, Josep|||0000-0002-7215-0150Sardans i Galobart, Jordi|||0000-0003-2478-0219Bai, WenyuHan, DongmiaoWu, TaoLi, WenbingSoil qualitySoil coverForest soilMicrobial biomass carbonSoil faunaBiogeochemical cycleThe soil quality index (SQI) is based on several key indicators and is used to assess soil quality. More than 250,000 ha of walnut saplings (Juglans regia L.) were planted in previous cropland areas in the Sichuan Basin, China, using a range of soil cover types that may affect soil quality with effects that are unclear. We investigated the effects of white film (WF), black film (BF), shade netting (SN), and maize straw (MS) soil cover types and an uncovered control type (CK) on soil chemical and biological indicators and the SQI in the 0-15 cm soil layer in a young walnut forest in the Sichuan Basin over a 27-month study period. The results showed that all soil cover types increased the soil organic matter (SOM), total potassium (TK), and available potassium (AK) concentrations (p < 0.05), whereas the total nitrogen (TN) and available nitrogen (AN) concentrations were greater only in soils covered by MS than in CK (p < 0.05). The available phosphorus concentrations were 64.1 and 193.2% greater in soils covered by BF and MS treatments, respectively, than in the CK (p < 0.05). The numbers of soil faunal groups (N) were 45.7, 36.4, 37.2, and 101.5% higher in WF, BF, SN, and MS, respectively, than in CK (p < 0.05); the individual numbers (S) were 92.3, 36.2, 100.8, and 154.5% greater in WF, BF, SN, and MS, respectively, than in CK (p < 0.05). The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was 15.5, 32.3, 45.0, and 77.1% greater in WF, BF, SN, and MS than in CK, respectively (p < 0.05). Redundancy discriminant analysis revealed strong positive interactions between biological indicators (MBC, N, and S) and SOM, AN, and AK concentrations. SOM, TN, AK, S, and MBC were the minimum required variables for the effective assessment of the SQI. All four soil cover types led to an improved SQI (p < 0.05), and MS had the greatest effect on SOM, TN, AN, AP, N, S, MBC, and SQI (p < 0.05). In conclusion, all four soil cover types increased the SOM levels, TK, AK, and MBC concentrations, soil faunal diversity, and SQI. The MS treatment was the most cost-effective and efficient measure to improve soil fertility, ecological function, and overall soil quality in the studied walnut forest. 22021-01-0120212021-01-01Articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://ddd.uab.cat/record/237047https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.3390/f12020236reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UABinstname:Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaInglésengEuropean Commission https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 610028open accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ddd.uab.cat:2370472026-06-06T12:50:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Soil cover improves soil quality in a young walnut forest in the Sichuan Basin, China
title Soil cover improves soil quality in a young walnut forest in the Sichuan Basin, China
spellingShingle Soil cover improves soil quality in a young walnut forest in the Sichuan Basin, China
Tie, Liehua|||0000-0003-4105-3945
Soil quality
Soil cover
Forest soil
Microbial biomass carbon
Soil fauna
Biogeochemical cycle
title_short Soil cover improves soil quality in a young walnut forest in the Sichuan Basin, China
title_full Soil cover improves soil quality in a young walnut forest in the Sichuan Basin, China
title_fullStr Soil cover improves soil quality in a young walnut forest in the Sichuan Basin, China
title_full_unstemmed Soil cover improves soil quality in a young walnut forest in the Sichuan Basin, China
title_sort Soil cover improves soil quality in a young walnut forest in the Sichuan Basin, China
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Tie, Liehua|||0000-0003-4105-3945
Feng, Maosong
Huang, Congde|||0000-0002-6379-7497
Peñuelas, Josep|||0000-0002-7215-0150
Sardans i Galobart, Jordi|||0000-0003-2478-0219
Bai, Wenyu
Han, Dongmiao
Wu, Tao
Li, Wenbing
author Tie, Liehua|||0000-0003-4105-3945
author_facet Tie, Liehua|||0000-0003-4105-3945
Feng, Maosong
Huang, Congde|||0000-0002-6379-7497
Peñuelas, Josep|||0000-0002-7215-0150
Sardans i Galobart, Jordi|||0000-0003-2478-0219
Bai, Wenyu
Han, Dongmiao
Wu, Tao
Li, Wenbing
author_role author
author2 Feng, Maosong
Huang, Congde|||0000-0002-6379-7497
Peñuelas, Josep|||0000-0002-7215-0150
Sardans i Galobart, Jordi|||0000-0003-2478-0219
Bai, Wenyu
Han, Dongmiao
Wu, Tao
Li, Wenbing
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Soil quality
Soil cover
Forest soil
Microbial biomass carbon
Soil fauna
Biogeochemical cycle
topic Soil quality
Soil cover
Forest soil
Microbial biomass carbon
Soil fauna
Biogeochemical cycle
description The soil quality index (SQI) is based on several key indicators and is used to assess soil quality. More than 250,000 ha of walnut saplings (Juglans regia L.) were planted in previous cropland areas in the Sichuan Basin, China, using a range of soil cover types that may affect soil quality with effects that are unclear. We investigated the effects of white film (WF), black film (BF), shade netting (SN), and maize straw (MS) soil cover types and an uncovered control type (CK) on soil chemical and biological indicators and the SQI in the 0-15 cm soil layer in a young walnut forest in the Sichuan Basin over a 27-month study period. The results showed that all soil cover types increased the soil organic matter (SOM), total potassium (TK), and available potassium (AK) concentrations (p < 0.05), whereas the total nitrogen (TN) and available nitrogen (AN) concentrations were greater only in soils covered by MS than in CK (p < 0.05). The available phosphorus concentrations were 64.1 and 193.2% greater in soils covered by BF and MS treatments, respectively, than in the CK (p < 0.05). The numbers of soil faunal groups (N) were 45.7, 36.4, 37.2, and 101.5% higher in WF, BF, SN, and MS, respectively, than in CK (p < 0.05); the individual numbers (S) were 92.3, 36.2, 100.8, and 154.5% greater in WF, BF, SN, and MS, respectively, than in CK (p < 0.05). The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was 15.5, 32.3, 45.0, and 77.1% greater in WF, BF, SN, and MS than in CK, respectively (p < 0.05). Redundancy discriminant analysis revealed strong positive interactions between biological indicators (MBC, N, and S) and SOM, AN, and AK concentrations. SOM, TN, AK, S, and MBC were the minimum required variables for the effective assessment of the SQI. All four soil cover types led to an improved SQI (p < 0.05), and MS had the greatest effect on SOM, TN, AN, AP, N, S, MBC, and SQI (p < 0.05). In conclusion, all four soil cover types increased the SOM levels, TK, AK, and MBC concentrations, soil faunal diversity, and SQI. The MS treatment was the most cost-effective and efficient measure to improve soil fertility, ecological function, and overall soil quality in the studied walnut forest.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2
2021-01-01
2021
2021-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://ddd.uab.cat/record/237047
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.3390/f12020236
url https://ddd.uab.cat/record/237047
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.3390/f12020236
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv European Commission https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 610028
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
instname:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
instname_str Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
reponame_str Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
collection Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
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