The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Period search in H α, Na i D, and Ca II IRT lines

Fuhrmeister, Birgit; Czesla, S.; Schmitt, Jürgen H. M. M.; Johnson, E.N.; Schöfer, P.; Jeffers, Sandra V.; Caballero, J. A.; Zechmeister, Mathias; Reiners, Ansgar; Ribas, Ignasi; Amado, Pedro J.; Quirrenbach, Andreas; Bauer, Florian Franz; Béjar, Victor J. S.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Díez-Alonso, E.; Dreizler, Stefan; Galadí-Enriquez, D.; Guenther, E. W.; Kaminski, Adrian; Kürster, M.; Lafarga, M.; Montes, David

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Period search in H α, Na i D, and Ca II IRT lines

We use spectra from CARMENES, the Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs, to search for periods in chromospheric indices in 16 M0-M2 dwarfs. We measure spectral indices in the Hα, the Ca II infrared triplet (IRT), and the N...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores:	Fuhrmeister, Birgit, Czesla, S., Schmitt, Jürgen H. M. M., Johnson, E.N., Schöfer, P., Jeffers, Sandra V., Caballero, J. A., Zechmeister, Mathias, Reiners, Ansgar, Ribas, Ignasi, Amado, Pedro J., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Bauer, Florian Franz, Béjar, Victor J. S., Cortés-Contreras, M., Díez-Alonso, E., Dreizler, Stefan, Galadí-Enriquez, D., Guenther, E. W., Kaminski, Adrian, Kürster, M., Lafarga, M., Montes, David
Formato:	artículo
Estado:	Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:	2019
País:	España
Recursos:	Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:	DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:	oai:digital.csic.es:10261/185676
Acesso em linha:	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/185676
Access Level:	acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:	Stars: rotation Stars: activity Stars: chromospheres Stars: late-type

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spelling	The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Period search in H α, Na i D, and Ca II IRT linesFuhrmeister, BirgitCzesla, S.Schmitt, Jürgen H. M. M.Johnson, E.N.Schöfer, P.Jeffers, Sandra V.Caballero, J. A.Zechmeister, MathiasReiners, AnsgarRibas, IgnasiAmado, Pedro J.Quirrenbach, AndreasBauer, Florian FranzBéjar, Victor J. S.Cortés-Contreras, M.Díez-Alonso, E.Dreizler, StefanGaladí-Enriquez, D.Guenther, E. W.Kaminski, AdrianKürster, M.Lafarga, M.Montes, DavidStars: rotationStars: activityStars: chromospheresStars: late-typeWe use spectra from CARMENES, the Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs, to search for periods in chromospheric indices in 16 M0-M2 dwarfs. We measure spectral indices in the Hα, the Ca II infrared triplet (IRT), and the Na I D lines to study which of these indices are best-suited to finding rotation periods in these stars. Moreover, we test a number of different period-search algorithms, namely the string length method, the phase dispersion minimisation, the generalized Lomb-Scargle periodogram, and the Gaussian process regression with quasi-periodic kernel. We find periods in four stars using Hα and in five stars using the Ca II IRT, two of which have not been found before. Our results show that both Hα and the Ca II IRT lines are well suited for period searches, with the Ca II IRT index performing slightly better than Hα. Unfortunately, the Na I D lines are strongly affected by telluric airglow, and we could not find any rotation period using this index. Further, different definitions of the line indices have no major impact on the results. Comparing the different search methods, the string length method and the phase dispersion minimisation perform worst, while Gaussian process models produce the smallest numbers of false positives and non-detections.© 2019 ESO.B.F. acknowledges funding by the DFG under Cz 222/1-1. CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almeria, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Institut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 >Blue Planets around Red Stars>, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucia.Peer ReviewedEDP SciencesMax Planck SocietyGerman Research FoundationJunta de AndalucíaMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)European CommissionConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2019201920192019info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/185676reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésSíinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/1856762026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Period search in H α, Na i D, and Ca II IRT lines
title	The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Period search in H α, Na i D, and Ca II IRT lines
spellingShingle	The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Period search in H α, Na i D, and Ca II IRT lines Fuhrmeister, Birgit Stars: rotation Stars: activity Stars: chromospheres Stars: late-type
title_short	The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Period search in H α, Na i D, and Ca II IRT lines
title_full	The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Period search in H α, Na i D, and Ca II IRT lines
title_fullStr	The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Period search in H α, Na i D, and Ca II IRT lines
title_full_unstemmed	The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Period search in H α, Na i D, and Ca II IRT lines
title_sort	The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Period search in H α, Na i D, and Ca II IRT lines
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv	Fuhrmeister, Birgit Czesla, S. Schmitt, Jürgen H. M. M. Johnson, E.N. Schöfer, P. Jeffers, Sandra V. Caballero, J. A. Zechmeister, Mathias Reiners, Ansgar Ribas, Ignasi Amado, Pedro J. Quirrenbach, Andreas Bauer, Florian Franz Béjar, Victor J. S. Cortés-Contreras, M. Díez-Alonso, E. Dreizler, Stefan Galadí-Enriquez, D. Guenther, E. W. Kaminski, Adrian Kürster, M. Lafarga, M. Montes, David
author	Fuhrmeister, Birgit
author_facet	Fuhrmeister, Birgit Czesla, S. Schmitt, Jürgen H. M. M. Johnson, E.N. Schöfer, P. Jeffers, Sandra V. Caballero, J. A. Zechmeister, Mathias Reiners, Ansgar Ribas, Ignasi Amado, Pedro J. Quirrenbach, Andreas Bauer, Florian Franz Béjar, Victor J. S. Cortés-Contreras, M. Díez-Alonso, E. Dreizler, Stefan Galadí-Enriquez, D. Guenther, E. W. Kaminski, Adrian Kürster, M. Lafarga, M. Montes, David
author_role	author
author2	Czesla, S. Schmitt, Jürgen H. M. M. Johnson, E.N. Schöfer, P. Jeffers, Sandra V. Caballero, J. A. Zechmeister, Mathias Reiners, Ansgar Ribas, Ignasi Amado, Pedro J. Quirrenbach, Andreas Bauer, Florian Franz Béjar, Victor J. S. Cortés-Contreras, M. Díez-Alonso, E. Dreizler, Stefan Galadí-Enriquez, D. Guenther, E. W. Kaminski, Adrian Kürster, M. Lafarga, M. Montes, David
author2_role	author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv	Max Planck Society German Research Foundation Junta de Andalucía Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) European Commission Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	Stars: rotation Stars: activity Stars: chromospheres Stars: late-type
topic	Stars: rotation Stars: activity Stars: chromospheres Stars: late-type
description	We use spectra from CARMENES, the Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs, to search for periods in chromospheric indices in 16 M0-M2 dwarfs. We measure spectral indices in the Hα, the Ca II infrared triplet (IRT), and the Na I D lines to study which of these indices are best-suited to finding rotation periods in these stars. Moreover, we test a number of different period-search algorithms, namely the string length method, the phase dispersion minimisation, the generalized Lomb-Scargle periodogram, and the Gaussian process regression with quasi-periodic kernel. We find periods in four stars using Hα and in five stars using the Ca II IRT, two of which have not been found before. Our results show that both Hα and the Ca II IRT lines are well suited for period searches, with the Ca II IRT index performing slightly better than Hα. Unfortunately, the Na I D lines are strongly affected by telluric airglow, and we could not find any rotation period using this index. Further, different definitions of the line indices have no major impact on the results. Comparing the different search methods, the string length method and the phase dispersion minimisation perform worst, while Gaussian process models produce the smallest numbers of false positives and non-detections.© 2019 ESO.
publishDate	2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv	2019 2019 2019 2019
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Publisher's version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format	article
status_str	publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/185676
url	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/185676
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv	Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv	Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv	Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv	EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv	reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str	Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str	DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection	DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_	1869407948154863616
score	15,811543

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Period search in H α, Na i D, and Ca II IRT lines

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