Significance of Hyperreflective Foci as an Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarker in Retinal Diseases: Characterization and Clinical Implications
Hyperreflective foci (HRF) is a term coined to depict hyperreflective dots or roundish lesions within retinal layers visualized through optical coherence tomography (OCT). Histopathological correlates of HRF are not univocal, spacing from migrating retinal pigment epithelium cells, lipid-laden macro...
| Autores: | , , , , , |
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| Tipo de documento: | artigo |
| Data de publicação: | 2021 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir |
| Repositório: | RIUCV. Repositorio de la Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:riucv.ucv.es:20.500.12466/6802 |
| Acesso em linha: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12466/6802 |
| Access Level: | Acceso aberto |
| Palavra-chave: | Hyperreflective Foci Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarker Retinal Diseases 32 Ciencias Médicas 3201.09 Oftalmología |
| Resumo: | Hyperreflective foci (HRF) is a term coined to depict hyperreflective dots or roundish lesions within retinal layers visualized through optical coherence tomography (OCT). Histopathological correlates of HRF are not univocal, spacing from migrating retinal pigment epithelium cells, lipid-laden macrophages, microglial cells, and extravasated proteinaceous or lipid material. Despite this, HRF can be considered OCT biomarkers for disease progression, treatment response, and prognosis in several retinal diseases, including diabetic macular edema, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal vascular occlusions, and inherited retinal dystrophies. (e structural features and topographic location of HRF guide the interpretation of their significance in different pathological conditions. (e presence of HRF less than 30 μm with reflectivity comparable to the retinal nerve fiber layer in the absence of posterior shadowing in diabetic macular edema indicates an inflammatory phenotype with a better response to steroidal treatment. In AMD, HRF overlying drusen are associated with the development of macular neovascularization, while parafoveal drusen and HRF predispose to macular atrophy. (us, HRF can be considered a key biomarker in several common retinal diseases. (eir recognition and critical interpretation via multimodal imaging are vital to support clinical strategies and management. |
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