Scalable synthesis of heteroatom-doped carbons from waste hemp hurd with enhanced sodium-ion and potassium-ion storage capabilities

In this study, we applied an easily scalable two-step process comprising hydrothermal pretreatment with simultaneous mild heteroatom doping (N, N-S, and N-P) followed by carbonization at 800 °C to synthesize hard carbons (HCs) from waste hemp hurd for Na-ion and K-ion storage. The proposed synthesis...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Antorán, Daniel, Alvira, Darío, Sebastián, Víctor, Manyà, Joan J.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/390213
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/390213
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Sodium-ion batteries
Potassium-ion batteries
Hard carbon
Waste hemp hurd
Heteroatom doping
Hydrothermal pretreatment
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spelling Scalable synthesis of heteroatom-doped carbons from waste hemp hurd with enhanced sodium-ion and potassium-ion storage capabilitiesAntorán, DanielAlvira, DaríoSebastián, VíctorManyà, Joan J.Sodium-ion batteriesPotassium-ion batteriesHard carbonWaste hemp hurdHeteroatom dopingHydrothermal pretreatmentIn this study, we applied an easily scalable two-step process comprising hydrothermal pretreatment with simultaneous mild heteroatom doping (N, N-S, and N-P) followed by carbonization at 800 °C to synthesize hard carbons (HCs) from waste hemp hurd for Na-ion and K-ion storage. The proposed synthesis pathway represents a viable alternative to the more energy-intensive, environmentally harmful, and/or challenging to scale up processes reported in the literature. The resulting carbons, particularly the dual NP-doped and single N-doped varieties, demonstrated improved electrochemical performance in terms of specific capacity (indicating more reversible ion storage sites) and rate capability (reflecting faster ion transport kinetics). These enhancements can be attributed to structural and surface chemistry modifications introduced during hydrothermal pretreatment. For Na-ion storage, the N-doped HC achieved a specific capacity of 293.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 (and 125 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1) with an initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 73.5 % using an ester-based electrolyte. The same material showed an enhanced rate capability when an ether-based electrolyte was employed, achieving 155 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1. For K-ion half-cells, the dual N-P-doped HC exhibited the best performance at low current rates, delivering a specific capacity of 260 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 in ester-based electrolytes. However, the N-doped HC showed the best rate capability at 2 A g−1 (57 mAh g−1), which is a reasonable value given the lack of mesopores in produced HCs.This work is part of the research project PID2022-137218OB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”. VS acknowledges financial support from the research projects PID2021-127847OB-I00 and PDC2022-133866-I00 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), as well as NANBIOSIS and LMA-ELECMI ICTS. The authors also acknowledge the funding from the Aragon Government (Ref. T22_23 R).Peer reviewedElsevierAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)European CommissionGobierno de AragónConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/390213reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2022-137218OB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-127847OB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PDC2022-133866-I00The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107633https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107633Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3902132026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Scalable synthesis of heteroatom-doped carbons from waste hemp hurd with enhanced sodium-ion and potassium-ion storage capabilities
title Scalable synthesis of heteroatom-doped carbons from waste hemp hurd with enhanced sodium-ion and potassium-ion storage capabilities
spellingShingle Scalable synthesis of heteroatom-doped carbons from waste hemp hurd with enhanced sodium-ion and potassium-ion storage capabilities
Antorán, Daniel
Sodium-ion batteries
Potassium-ion batteries
Hard carbon
Waste hemp hurd
Heteroatom doping
Hydrothermal pretreatment
title_short Scalable synthesis of heteroatom-doped carbons from waste hemp hurd with enhanced sodium-ion and potassium-ion storage capabilities
title_full Scalable synthesis of heteroatom-doped carbons from waste hemp hurd with enhanced sodium-ion and potassium-ion storage capabilities
title_fullStr Scalable synthesis of heteroatom-doped carbons from waste hemp hurd with enhanced sodium-ion and potassium-ion storage capabilities
title_full_unstemmed Scalable synthesis of heteroatom-doped carbons from waste hemp hurd with enhanced sodium-ion and potassium-ion storage capabilities
title_sort Scalable synthesis of heteroatom-doped carbons from waste hemp hurd with enhanced sodium-ion and potassium-ion storage capabilities
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Antorán, Daniel
Alvira, Darío
Sebastián, Víctor
Manyà, Joan J.
author Antorán, Daniel
author_facet Antorán, Daniel
Alvira, Darío
Sebastián, Víctor
Manyà, Joan J.
author_role author
author2 Alvira, Darío
Sebastián, Víctor
Manyà, Joan J.
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
European Commission
Gobierno de Aragón
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Sodium-ion batteries
Potassium-ion batteries
Hard carbon
Waste hemp hurd
Heteroatom doping
Hydrothermal pretreatment
topic Sodium-ion batteries
Potassium-ion batteries
Hard carbon
Waste hemp hurd
Heteroatom doping
Hydrothermal pretreatment
description In this study, we applied an easily scalable two-step process comprising hydrothermal pretreatment with simultaneous mild heteroatom doping (N, N-S, and N-P) followed by carbonization at 800 °C to synthesize hard carbons (HCs) from waste hemp hurd for Na-ion and K-ion storage. The proposed synthesis pathway represents a viable alternative to the more energy-intensive, environmentally harmful, and/or challenging to scale up processes reported in the literature. The resulting carbons, particularly the dual NP-doped and single N-doped varieties, demonstrated improved electrochemical performance in terms of specific capacity (indicating more reversible ion storage sites) and rate capability (reflecting faster ion transport kinetics). These enhancements can be attributed to structural and surface chemistry modifications introduced during hydrothermal pretreatment. For Na-ion storage, the N-doped HC achieved a specific capacity of 293.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 (and 125 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1) with an initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 73.5 % using an ester-based electrolyte. The same material showed an enhanced rate capability when an ether-based electrolyte was employed, achieving 155 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1. For K-ion half-cells, the dual N-P-doped HC exhibited the best performance at low current rates, delivering a specific capacity of 260 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 in ester-based electrolytes. However, the N-doped HC showed the best rate capability at 2 A g−1 (57 mAh g−1), which is a reasonable value given the lack of mesopores in produced HCs.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/390213
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/390213
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2022-137218OB-I00
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-127847OB-I00
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PDC2022-133866-I00
The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107633
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107633
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
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collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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