Emplacement and growth of a stacked tube-fed lava flow field: the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain)

On 19 September 2021, the Cumbre Vieja volcano in the southern part of La Palma (Canary Islands) erupted after 50 years of quiescence. A northwest-southeast eruptive fissure opened on the west flank of the volcano, producing explosive and effusive activity that lasted until 13 December 2021. The exp...

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Autores: Calvari, Sonia, Ganci, Gaetana, Galindo, Inés, Sanz Mangas, David, Morgavi, Daniele, Fernandez Lorenzo, Octavio
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
Repositorio:Docta Complutense
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/132052
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/132052
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:551.21(649.3)
Tajogaite eruption
Lava flow field
Erupted volume
Lava tube network
Lava tube caves
Petrología
2506.13 Petrología Ignea y Metamórfica
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repository_id_str
spelling Emplacement and growth of a stacked tube-fed lava flow field: the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain)Calvari, SoniaGanci, GaetanaGalindo, InésSanz Mangas, DavidMorgavi, DanieleFernandez Lorenzo, Octavio551.21(649.3)Tajogaite eruptionLava flow fieldErupted volumeLava tube networkLava tube cavesPetrología2506.13 Petrología Ignea y MetamórficaOn 19 September 2021, the Cumbre Vieja volcano in the southern part of La Palma (Canary Islands) erupted after 50 years of quiescence. A northwest-southeast eruptive fissure opened on the west flank of the volcano, producing explosive and effusive activity that lasted until 13 December 2021. The explosive activity from the fissure built up a new cone named Tajogaite, and the discharge of high temperature and low viscosity magma gave rise to lava flows. These spread from the base of the cone to the west, reaching the sea and forming a complex lava flow field with the stacking of flows and lava tube pathways. The eruption caused the destruction of 2988 buildings and ~ 12 km2 of urbanized areas, farmland, and plantations, emplacing ~ 200 × 106 m3 lava and ~ 45 × 106 m3 tephra, with ~ 5 × 106 m3 lava forming a lava delta. This eruption offered a unique opportunity to study the emplacement of a complex lava tube network developed initially within ‘a‘ā arterial flows and later on within pāhoehoe flows. We present an account of the expansion of the lava flow field and of the development of lava tubes gathered from satellite images and field surveys. We go on to characterize the processes of lava flow field development and lava tube formation and growth and estimate the time-averaged discharge rate and erupted lava volume. From the start of the eruption to the end of October, the lava flow field was mainly characterized by the emplacement of four sequential ‘a‘ā arterial flows. Along these flows, master lava tubes rapidly developed by the roofing-over of lava channels within a few days from their emplacement. The ‘a‘ā arterial flows advanced in a caterpillar-like fashion, alternating proximal lava channel overflows and drainage corresponding to the slowing down and accelerating of the lava front. From November to the end of the eruption, a decreased discharge rate resulted in the output of mainly pāhoehoe flows emplaced in the medial portion of the lava flow field. Overlapping ‘a‘ā and pāhoehoe flow units formed stacked tube systems. Our results highlight the speed and processes of lava flow field development and lava tube growth during an effusive eruption on a steep slope (> 4°), the complexity of lava tubes at multiple levels in a stacked flow sequence, and provide useful information for hazard mitigation should a new eruption occur in this area or on other steep volcanoes.SpringerUniversidad Complutense de Madrid20252025-12-2620252025-12-26journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/132052reponame:Docta Complutenseinstname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/1320522026-06-02T12:44:21Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Emplacement and growth of a stacked tube-fed lava flow field: the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain)
title Emplacement and growth of a stacked tube-fed lava flow field: the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain)
spellingShingle Emplacement and growth of a stacked tube-fed lava flow field: the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain)
Calvari, Sonia
551.21(649.3)
Tajogaite eruption
Lava flow field
Erupted volume
Lava tube network
Lava tube caves
Petrología
2506.13 Petrología Ignea y Metamórfica
title_short Emplacement and growth of a stacked tube-fed lava flow field: the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain)
title_full Emplacement and growth of a stacked tube-fed lava flow field: the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain)
title_fullStr Emplacement and growth of a stacked tube-fed lava flow field: the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain)
title_full_unstemmed Emplacement and growth of a stacked tube-fed lava flow field: the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain)
title_sort Emplacement and growth of a stacked tube-fed lava flow field: the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Calvari, Sonia
Ganci, Gaetana
Galindo, Inés
Sanz Mangas, David
Morgavi, Daniele
Fernandez Lorenzo, Octavio
author Calvari, Sonia
author_facet Calvari, Sonia
Ganci, Gaetana
Galindo, Inés
Sanz Mangas, David
Morgavi, Daniele
Fernandez Lorenzo, Octavio
author_role author
author2 Ganci, Gaetana
Galindo, Inés
Sanz Mangas, David
Morgavi, Daniele
Fernandez Lorenzo, Octavio
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Complutense de Madrid
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv 551.21(649.3)
Tajogaite eruption
Lava flow field
Erupted volume
Lava tube network
Lava tube caves
Petrología
2506.13 Petrología Ignea y Metamórfica
topic 551.21(649.3)
Tajogaite eruption
Lava flow field
Erupted volume
Lava tube network
Lava tube caves
Petrología
2506.13 Petrología Ignea y Metamórfica
description On 19 September 2021, the Cumbre Vieja volcano in the southern part of La Palma (Canary Islands) erupted after 50 years of quiescence. A northwest-southeast eruptive fissure opened on the west flank of the volcano, producing explosive and effusive activity that lasted until 13 December 2021. The explosive activity from the fissure built up a new cone named Tajogaite, and the discharge of high temperature and low viscosity magma gave rise to lava flows. These spread from the base of the cone to the west, reaching the sea and forming a complex lava flow field with the stacking of flows and lava tube pathways. The eruption caused the destruction of 2988 buildings and ~ 12 km2 of urbanized areas, farmland, and plantations, emplacing ~ 200 × 106 m3 lava and ~ 45 × 106 m3 tephra, with ~ 5 × 106 m3 lava forming a lava delta. This eruption offered a unique opportunity to study the emplacement of a complex lava tube network developed initially within ‘a‘ā arterial flows and later on within pāhoehoe flows. We present an account of the expansion of the lava flow field and of the development of lava tubes gathered from satellite images and field surveys. We go on to characterize the processes of lava flow field development and lava tube formation and growth and estimate the time-averaged discharge rate and erupted lava volume. From the start of the eruption to the end of October, the lava flow field was mainly characterized by the emplacement of four sequential ‘a‘ā arterial flows. Along these flows, master lava tubes rapidly developed by the roofing-over of lava channels within a few days from their emplacement. The ‘a‘ā arterial flows advanced in a caterpillar-like fashion, alternating proximal lava channel overflows and drainage corresponding to the slowing down and accelerating of the lava front. From November to the end of the eruption, a decreased discharge rate resulted in the output of mainly pāhoehoe flows emplaced in the medial portion of the lava flow field. Overlapping ‘a‘ā and pāhoehoe flow units formed stacked tube systems. Our results highlight the speed and processes of lava flow field development and lava tube growth during an effusive eruption on a steep slope (> 4°), the complexity of lava tubes at multiple levels in a stacked flow sequence, and provide useful information for hazard mitigation should a new eruption occur in this area or on other steep volcanoes.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-12-26
2025
2025-12-26
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/132052
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/132052
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docta Complutense
instname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
instname_str Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
reponame_str Docta Complutense
collection Docta Complutense
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.81155

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