OPTIMIZACIÓN DE LA SÍNTESIS DE NANOPIGMENTOS DE ORIGEN NATURAL PARA BIOPOLÍMEROS MEDIANTE EL USO DE DISEÑO DE EXPERIMENTOS
[EN] In order to improve biopolymer properties, one of the methods of study is the nanosized incorporation of inorganic fillers, known as nanoclays. Using nanoclays, improvements in certain biopolymer properties - mainly mechanical and thermal - have been achieved, leading to new bionanocomposites....
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2015 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) |
| Repositorio: | RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/59449 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/59449 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Nanopigmentos Bioresinas Nanocompuestos Colorantes naturales Mordentado INGENIERIA TEXTIL Y PAPELERA |
| Sumario: | [EN] In order to improve biopolymer properties, one of the methods of study is the nanosized incorporation of inorganic fillers, known as nanoclays. Using nanoclays, improvements in certain biopolymer properties - mainly mechanical and thermal - have been achieved, leading to new bionanocomposites. However, research has been much less focused on changing optical properties through the incorporation of nanoclays. At the same time, current research has focused on obtaining nanostructured hybrid pigments, or nanopigments, in order to achieve sustainable colouring and high performance materials that can replace some of the colouring materials used in the industry that are highly polluting, presenting difficulties for their disposal in wastewater systems. For such purpose, organic dye reinforcement techniques have been applied, involving exchange with different nanoclays. However, the effect of the conditions for obtaining a nanopigment, when applied to different kinds of materials, such as biopolymers, is a question that remains unanswered. By combining advances in these lines of research, biodegradable composites with optimal mechanical and optical properties can be obtained. The aim of this Doctoral dissertation is to find the optimal formulation of naturally sourced nanopigments, incorporate them into a biological origin epoxy resin, and obtain a significant improvement in their physical, chemical, and optical (colourimetric) properties. To achieve this aim, a statistical experiment design approach was used in order to obtain as much information as possible using the lowest number of experiments, thereby saving time and material. Moreover, a wide variety of instrumental techniques was incorporated, looking for the synergy among colour science, material physics and chemistry, and statistical science, with the aim of decreasing the original limitations of bioresins. Three natural dyes were selected for all the experiments in order to obtain a wide range of colour in the bionanocomposite materials. Chlorophyll, beta-carotene, and beetroot extract (betanin) were used in three different experimental blocks. A physicochemical characterization was performed, firstly, with the nanopigments, and secondly, with the bionanocomposite materials from these nanopigments. This work was divided in two principal blocks. In the first one, the aim was to look for the suitable modifier or additive for nanoclays, as well as the synthesis factors in nanopigments for the optimal application performance. In this phase two surfactants, a silane coupling agent and a mordant (alum) were selected as modifiers. The latter was selected in order to replicate the mordant textile dyeing with natural dyes, using the three selected dyes and the nanoclays as the `` dyed textile''. Two kinds of laminar nanoclays, differentiated by the ion exchange charge: montmorillonite with cations (positive), and hydrotalcite with anions (negative charge) were also selected. The pH in the synthesis process was also added as a factor in the experiment. A fractional Taguchi's design L8 was applied, such that five factors with two levels can be studied, setting free two interactions, the silane-surfactant and mordant-surfactant interactions. In the second experimental phase, answer the question about the best moment to add the three selected modifiers. In this case, a Taguchi's L9 design was used. In numerous experiments involving the natural dye intercalations in the nanoclays, compatibility with the bioresin was achieved, showing the improvement of the tested properties. It may therefore be concluded that bioresin properties have been improved with the addition of nanopigments, and there are significant effects in the studied properties due to the factor levels as well as the additive types, like the incorporation time. |
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