Core Temperature Response During the Marathon Portion of the Ironman World Championship (Kona-Hawaii)

The Ironman triathlon consists of a 3.8 km swim, 180 km bike, and 42.195 km run. Thermoregulation responses play an important role in performance optimization and injury prevention. Factors such as environmental conditions including heat and humidity, athlete training level, and race duration can af...

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Autores: Olcina, Guillermo, Crespo Coco, Carmen, Timón, Rafael, Mjaanes, Jeffrey M., Calleja González, Julio María
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2019
País:España
Institución:Universidad del País Vasco
Repositorio:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
OAI Identifier:oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/42038
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10810/42038
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:endurance
performance
competition
hyperthermia
triathlon
marathon
prolonged exercise
serum sodium
heat
fatigue
muscle
cool
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spelling Core Temperature Response During the Marathon Portion of the Ironman World Championship (Kona-Hawaii)Olcina, GuillermoCrespo Coco, CarmenTimón, RafaelMjaanes, Jeffrey M.Calleja González, Julio Maríaenduranceperformancecompetitionhyperthermiatriathlonmarathonprolonged exerciseserum sodiumperformanceheatfatiguemusclecoolThe Ironman triathlon consists of a 3.8 km swim, 180 km bike, and 42.195 km run. Thermoregulation responses play an important role in performance optimization and injury prevention. Factors such as environmental conditions including heat and humidity, athlete training level, and race duration can affect thermoregulation. Hyperthermia occurs when the core temperature rises above 38.5 degrees C. The present study aims to describe core temperature (Tcore) in top-level and well-trained age group triathletes during the marathon of Ironman World Championship 2014 in Kona-Hawaii under thermal stress conditions. Tcore of 15 triathletes (age: 36.11 +/- 7.36 years, body mass: 71.14 +/- 7.12 kg, height: 179 +/- 0.04 cm, and fat %: 8.48 +/- 0.85) who classified for the Ironman World Championship was measured by an ingestible pill telemetry system prior to competition, during the marathon and 60 min after finishing the race. Mean wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) during the marathon was 24.66 degrees C (range 22.44-28.50 degrees C). Body mass index (BMI) and perceived exertion (Borg Scale and Visual Analog Scale-Pain) were collected before the race and 60 min after the event. Time variables were extracted from their official race time and split times. Finish time was 10: 06:56 +/- 0:48:30. Tcore was initially 36.62 +/- 0.17 degrees C, increased at the end of the event (38.55 +/- 0.64; p < 0.01) and remained elevated 60 min after the event (38.65 +/- 0.41 degrees C; p < 0.002). BMI significantly decreased after the event (22.85 +/- 1.11 vs. 21.73 +/- 1.36; p < 0.05), whereas both exercise perceived exertion [Borg Scale (10.2 +/- 1.64 vs. 18.60 +/- 1.67; p < 0.003)] and perceived muscle pain [VAS Pain (2.75 +/- 1.59 vs. 9.08 +/- 1.13; p < 0.001)] increased significantly after the event. Tcore during competition correlated negatively with position in age group (r - 0.949, p = 0.051), but not with race time (r = -0.817; p = 0.183). High-level age group triathletes competing under thermal stress conditions in the Kona Ironman reached a state of hyperthermia during the marathon. After 60 min of recovery the hyperthermia persisted. Strategies to aid post-event cooling and recovery should be considered to avoid the potentially dangerous adverse health effects of hyperthermia.This study has been supported by the Consejeria de Educacion y Empleo, Junta de Extremadura with funding from the European Regional Development Fund under grant (Ref: GR18003). The authors thank support of the Government of Extremadura, Basque Government Center and 226ERS.Frontiers Media202020202019info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10810/42038reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigacióninstname:Universidad del País VascoIngléshttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2019.01469/fullinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/2019 Olcina, Crespo, Timón, Mjaanes and Calleja-González. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Atribución 3.0 Españaoai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/420382026-06-18T09:23:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Core Temperature Response During the Marathon Portion of the Ironman World Championship (Kona-Hawaii)
title Core Temperature Response During the Marathon Portion of the Ironman World Championship (Kona-Hawaii)
spellingShingle Core Temperature Response During the Marathon Portion of the Ironman World Championship (Kona-Hawaii)
Olcina, Guillermo
endurance
performance
competition
hyperthermia
triathlon
marathon
prolonged exercise
serum sodium
performance
heat
fatigue
muscle
cool
title_short Core Temperature Response During the Marathon Portion of the Ironman World Championship (Kona-Hawaii)
title_full Core Temperature Response During the Marathon Portion of the Ironman World Championship (Kona-Hawaii)
title_fullStr Core Temperature Response During the Marathon Portion of the Ironman World Championship (Kona-Hawaii)
title_full_unstemmed Core Temperature Response During the Marathon Portion of the Ironman World Championship (Kona-Hawaii)
title_sort Core Temperature Response During the Marathon Portion of the Ironman World Championship (Kona-Hawaii)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Olcina, Guillermo
Crespo Coco, Carmen
Timón, Rafael
Mjaanes, Jeffrey M.
Calleja González, Julio María
author Olcina, Guillermo
author_facet Olcina, Guillermo
Crespo Coco, Carmen
Timón, Rafael
Mjaanes, Jeffrey M.
Calleja González, Julio María
author_role author
author2 Crespo Coco, Carmen
Timón, Rafael
Mjaanes, Jeffrey M.
Calleja González, Julio María
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv endurance
performance
competition
hyperthermia
triathlon
marathon
prolonged exercise
serum sodium
performance
heat
fatigue
muscle
cool
topic endurance
performance
competition
hyperthermia
triathlon
marathon
prolonged exercise
serum sodium
performance
heat
fatigue
muscle
cool
description The Ironman triathlon consists of a 3.8 km swim, 180 km bike, and 42.195 km run. Thermoregulation responses play an important role in performance optimization and injury prevention. Factors such as environmental conditions including heat and humidity, athlete training level, and race duration can affect thermoregulation. Hyperthermia occurs when the core temperature rises above 38.5 degrees C. The present study aims to describe core temperature (Tcore) in top-level and well-trained age group triathletes during the marathon of Ironman World Championship 2014 in Kona-Hawaii under thermal stress conditions. Tcore of 15 triathletes (age: 36.11 +/- 7.36 years, body mass: 71.14 +/- 7.12 kg, height: 179 +/- 0.04 cm, and fat %: 8.48 +/- 0.85) who classified for the Ironman World Championship was measured by an ingestible pill telemetry system prior to competition, during the marathon and 60 min after finishing the race. Mean wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) during the marathon was 24.66 degrees C (range 22.44-28.50 degrees C). Body mass index (BMI) and perceived exertion (Borg Scale and Visual Analog Scale-Pain) were collected before the race and 60 min after the event. Time variables were extracted from their official race time and split times. Finish time was 10: 06:56 +/- 0:48:30. Tcore was initially 36.62 +/- 0.17 degrees C, increased at the end of the event (38.55 +/- 0.64; p < 0.01) and remained elevated 60 min after the event (38.65 +/- 0.41 degrees C; p < 0.002). BMI significantly decreased after the event (22.85 +/- 1.11 vs. 21.73 +/- 1.36; p < 0.05), whereas both exercise perceived exertion [Borg Scale (10.2 +/- 1.64 vs. 18.60 +/- 1.67; p < 0.003)] and perceived muscle pain [VAS Pain (2.75 +/- 1.59 vs. 9.08 +/- 1.13; p < 0.001)] increased significantly after the event. Tcore during competition correlated negatively with position in age group (r - 0.949, p = 0.051), but not with race time (r = -0.817; p = 0.183). High-level age group triathletes competing under thermal stress conditions in the Kona Ironman reached a state of hyperthermia during the marathon. After 60 min of recovery the hyperthermia persisted. Strategies to aid post-event cooling and recovery should be considered to avoid the potentially dangerous adverse health effects of hyperthermia.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019
2020
2020
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10810/42038
url http://hdl.handle.net/10810/42038
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2019.01469/full
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
Atribución 3.0 España
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
Atribución 3.0 España
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
instname:Universidad del País Vasco
instname_str Universidad del País Vasco
reponame_str Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
collection Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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