Mapping the potential habitat suitability and opportunities of bush encroacher species in Southern Africa: a case study of the SteamBioAfrica project

Senegalia mellifera (Benth) Seigler & Ebinger., Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. and Terminalia sericea Burch. Ex DC., are three important bush encroacher species that contribute to the well-known ecological process named “thicketization” in Southern Africa. This issue has persisted f...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Bravo García, Javier, Camarillo Naranjo, Juan Mariano, Blanco Velázquez, Francisco José, González Peñaloza, Félix A., Anaya Romero, María
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
Repositorio:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
OAI Identifier:oai:idus.us.es:11441/179199
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/11441/179199
https://doi.org/10.21425/fob.17.136222
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Bush encroaching
climate change
Dichrostachys cinerea
habitat suitability
MaxEnt
Senegalia mellifera
Terminalia sericea
thicketization
Descripción
Sumario:Senegalia mellifera (Benth) Seigler & Ebinger., Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. and Terminalia sericea Burch. Ex DC., are three important bush encroacher species that contribute to the well-known ecological process named “thicketization” in Southern Africa. This issue has persisted for many years, impacting species distribution, plant communities, soil, and fauna dynamics. According to climate change projections, Southern Africa is expected to become drier and warmer in future scenarios, creating favourable conditions for proliferation of bush encroacher species. MaxEnt is a general-purpose machine learning method widely utilized in various ecological and biological scenarios to predict the potential suitable habitat of species. This is achieved by incorporating presence-only occurrence records and bioclimatic, and topographic variables. The analysis was performed in a Geographic Information System based on the current and future suitable areas for the respective Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios according to INM-CM5-0, UK-ESM1-0-LL and MPIES-M1-2-HR climate models. This was done to assess the potential effects of climate change on the distribution patterns of bush encroacher species. Model performance was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC), with 0.836, 0.822 and 0.738 as results to Terminalia sericea, Dichrostachys cinerea and Senegalia mellifera respectively. The current results show that Senegalia mellifera presents a habitat suitability of 56% (1,460,353 km²) of the total area, while Terminalia sericea and Dichrostachys cinerea have suitability over 37.9% (996,168 km²) and 43.9% (1,154,645 km²) of the area, respectively. These findings indicate that precipitation and temperature variables are the most important factors in explaining the spatial distribution of the bush encroacher species, predicting a future increase between 8–29.4%, 2.8–24%, and 3–24.2% for Senegalia mellifera, Terminalia sericea, and Dichrostachys cinerea respectively. Furthermore, each species has its own set of important variables and different ecological behaviour patterns. These results imply that an improved understanding of the response of woody species to a changing climate is important for managing bush encroachment in savanna ecosystems.