TOI-2407 b: a warm Neptune in the desert
Janó Muñoz, C. et al.-- Full list of authors: Janó Muñoz, C.; Hooton, M. J.; Pedersen, P. P.; Barkaoui, K.; Rackham, B. V.; Burgasser, A. J.; Pozuelos, F. J.; Stassun, K. G.; Queloz, D.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Ziegler, C.; Almenara, J. M.; Timmermans, M.; Bonfils, X.; Collins, K. A.; Demory, B. O.; Dr...
| Autores: | , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/397742 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/397742 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Techniques: photometric Exoplanets Infrared: planetary systems |
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TOI-2407 b: a warm Neptune in the desert |
| title |
TOI-2407 b: a warm Neptune in the desert |
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TOI-2407 b: a warm Neptune in the desert Janó Muñoz, C. Techniques: photometric Exoplanets Infrared: planetary systems |
| title_short |
TOI-2407 b: a warm Neptune in the desert |
| title_full |
TOI-2407 b: a warm Neptune in the desert |
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TOI-2407 b: a warm Neptune in the desert |
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TOI-2407 b: a warm Neptune in the desert |
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TOI-2407 b: a warm Neptune in the desert |
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Janó Muñoz, C. Pozuelos, Francisco José |
| author |
Janó Muñoz, C. |
| author_facet |
Janó Muñoz, C. Pozuelos, Francisco José |
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author |
| author2 |
Pozuelos, Francisco José |
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author |
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NASA European Research Council Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles Simons Foundation European Commission Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK) European Research Council Fonds de La Recherche Scientifique (Belgique) Swiss National Science Foundation Fondation Francqui Heising Simons Foundation Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México National Science Foundation (US) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72] |
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Techniques: photometric Exoplanets Infrared: planetary systems |
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Techniques: photometric Exoplanets Infrared: planetary systems |
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Janó Muñoz, C. et al.-- Full list of authors: Janó Muñoz, C.; Hooton, M. J.; Pedersen, P. P.; Barkaoui, K.; Rackham, B. V.; Burgasser, A. J.; Pozuelos, F. J.; Stassun, K. G.; Queloz, D.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Ziegler, C.; Almenara, J. M.; Timmermans, M.; Bonfils, X.; Collins, K. A.; Demory, B. O.; Dransfield, G.; Ghachoui, M.; Gillon, M.; Jehin, E.; Mann, A. W.; Sebastian, D.; Thompson, S.; Twicken, J. D.; de Wit, J.; Zúñiga-Fernández, S. |
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2025 |
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2025 2025 2025 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford University Press |
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TOI-2407 b: a warm Neptune in the desertJanó Muñoz, C.Pozuelos, Francisco JoséTechniques: photometricExoplanetsInfrared: planetary systemsJanó Muñoz, C. et al.-- Full list of authors: Janó Muñoz, C.; Hooton, M. J.; Pedersen, P. P.; Barkaoui, K.; Rackham, B. V.; Burgasser, A. J.; Pozuelos, F. J.; Stassun, K. G.; Queloz, D.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Ziegler, C.; Almenara, J. M.; Timmermans, M.; Bonfils, X.; Collins, K. A.; Demory, B. O.; Dransfield, G.; Ghachoui, M.; Gillon, M.; Jehin, E.; Mann, A. W.; Sebastian, D.; Thompson, S.; Twicken, J. D.; de Wit, J.; Zúñiga-Fernández, S.We present the validation of TOI-2407 b, a warm Neptune-sized planet with a radius of 4.26±0.26 R ⊕, orbiting an early M-type star with a period of 2.7 d and an equilibrium temperature of 705±12 K. The planet was identified by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry and validated in this work through multiwavelength ground-based follow-up observations. We include an observation with the novel complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based infrared instrument SPeculoos InfraRed Imager for Transits (SPIRIT) at the Search for habitable Planets EClipsing ULtra-cOOl Stars (SPECULOOS) Southern Observatory. The high-precision transit data enabled by CMOS detectors underscore their potential for improving the detection and characterization of exoplanets orbiting M-dwarfs, particularly in the infrared, where these stars emit most of their radiation. TOI-2407 b lies within the boundaries of the period–radius Neptune desert, an apparent scarcity of Neptune-sized planets at short orbits. Further characterization of TOI-2407 b, such as radial-velocity measurements, will refine its position within planetary demographic trends. This system also provides a comparison case for the well-studied Neptune-sized planet Gliese 436 b, of similar radius, period and stellar type. Comparison studies could aid the understanding of the formation and evolution of Neptune-like planets around M-dwarfs. © 2025 The Author(s).Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission that are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Based on data collected by the SPECULOOS-South Observatory at the ESO Paranal Observatory in Chile. The ULiege’s contribution to SPECULOOS has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) (grant Agreement n 336480/SPECULOOS), from the Balzan Prize and Francqui Foundations, from the Belgian Scientific Research Foundation (F.R.S.-FNRS; grant n T.0109.20), from the University of Liege, and from the ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions financed by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. This work is supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (PI Queloz, grant number 327127). This research is in part funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grants agreements n 803193/BEBOP), and from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC; grant n ST/S00193X/1, and ST/W000385/1). The material is based upon work supported by NASA under award number 80GSFC21M0002. We acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the ERC Grant Agreement no. 337591-ExTrA. Based on data collected by the TRAPPIST-South telescope at the ESO La Silla Observatory. TRAPPIST is funded by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (Fond National de la Recherche Scientifique, FNRS) under the grant PDR T.0120.21, with the participation of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF). EJ and MG are FNRS Research Directors. The post-doctoral fellowship of KB is funded by F.R.S.-FNRS grant T.0109.20 and by The Francqui Foundation. This publication benefits from the support of the French Community of Belgium in the context of the FRIA Doctoral Grant awarded to MT. BVR thanks the Heising-Simons Foundation for support. FJP acknowledges financial support from the grant CEX2021-001131-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and through projects PID2019-109522GB-C52 and PID2022-137241NB-C43. KAC acknowledges support from the TESS mission via subaward s3449 from MIT. B-OD acknowledges support from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00046. EJ is a Belgian FNRS Senior Research Associate. YGMC acknowledges support from UNAM-PAPIIT-IG101321. This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Agreement No. 80NSSC21K0593 for the program “Alien Earths”. The results reported herein benefited from collaborations and/or information exchange within NASA’s Nexus for Exoplanet System Science (NExSS) research coordination network sponsored by NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. Based in part on observations obtained at the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope, which is a joint project of the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações (MCTI/LNA) do Brasil, the US National Science Foundation’s NOIRLab, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), and Michigan State University (MSU). Based in part on observations obtained through the Astronomical Event Observatory Network (AEON), a joint endeavour of the Las Cumbres Observatory and of NSF NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the U.S. National Science Foundation. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. CJM thanks J. Dhandha for the comments and feedback on the draft. This work was supported by the University of Cambridge Harding Distinguished Postgraduate Scholars Programme.With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).Peer reviewedOxford University PressNASAEuropean Research CouncilFédération Wallonie-BruxellesSimons FoundationEuropean CommissionScience and Technology Facilities Council (UK)European Research CouncilFonds de La Recherche Scientifique (Belgique)Swiss National Science FoundationFondation FrancquiHeising Simons FoundationMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoNational Science Foundation (US)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/397742reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/336480info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/803193info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/CEX2021-001131-Sinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-109522GB-C52info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2022-137241NB-C43http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf946Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3977422026-05-22T06:33:51Z |
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