Anticoagulant therapy for cancer-associated splanchnic vein thrombosis: Outcomes during a one-year follow-up period

Introduction: The incidence of splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) in cancer patients has increased in recent years due to improved survival rates and the widespread use of scheduled radiological tests. However, studies describing the long-term prognosis and benefits of anticoagulant treatment are scar...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Garcia Villa, Adrian, Carnevali , Maria, Aramberri , Mario, Font , Carme, Diaz Pedroche, Carmen, Criado Álvarez, Juan José
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Repositorio:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
OAI Identifier:oai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/45047
Acceso en línea:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2025.109411
https://hdl.handle.net/10578/45047
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Budd-Chiari syndrome
Cancer-associated thrombosis
Mesenteric vein thrombosis
Portal vein thrombosis
Splanchnic vein thrombosis
Splenic vein thrombosis
Descripción
Sumario:Introduction: The incidence of splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) in cancer patients has increased in recent years due to improved survival rates and the widespread use of scheduled radiological tests. However, studies describing the long-term prognosis and benefits of anticoagulant treatment are scarce. The objectives were to describe long-term prognosis and to compare outcomes based on anticoagulant treatment during a one-year follow-up. Material and methods: This was a retrospective observational study of consecutive patients hospitalized between 2015 and 2020 with a diagnosis of cancer-associated SVT either prior to admission or during hospitalization. Results: The study included 201 patients, with intra-abdominal tumors (78.2 %) predominating, particularly pancreatic cancer (43.8 %). Portal thrombosis (58.6 %) was the most common type of SVT. Approximately 41.3 % of cases received anticoagulant treatment at the diagnosis of SVT. The overall survival rate at 12 months was 39.7 %. Anticoagulant therapy was associated with a significantly higher accumulated incidence of recanalization and bleeding. However, no differences were found in the survival and recurrence of thrombosis. Tumor thrombus (OR 2.44; CI 95 % 1.32–4.52) and the metastatic status of the oncological disease (OR 3.07; CI 95 % 1.63–5.8) were predictive factors for death. Conclusions: SVT is a common complication in cancer patients, particularly in those with abdominal tumors. Tumor thrombus and metastatic status were negative prognostic factors. Anticoagulant treatment was associated with a higher rate of recanalization as well as a higher risk of bleeding, without benefits on survival or prevention of thrombosis recurrence.