The Impact of Competitive Fatigue on Physiological Variables in National Level Youth Swimmers

Background: This study investigated the impact of competitive fatigue on physiological (blood lactate and heart rate [HR]), neuromuscular (countermovement jump [CMJ]), and psychological (rate of perceived exertion [RPE]) variables in youth swimmers. Methods: Forty-two swimmers (mean ± SD, 14 ± 0.5 y...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: López Hernández, Alejandro, Turner, Anthony P., Lam, Hui Kwan Nicholas, Simón Piqueras, Juan Ángel, Muñoz de la Cruz, Violeta, González Ravé, José María
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Repositorio:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
OAI Identifier:oai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/44168
Acesso em linha:https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10030256
https://hdl.handle.net/10578/44168
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Blood lactate
CMJ
Heart rate
Neuromuscular fatigue
Physiological monitoring
RPE
Swimming performance
Youth swimmers
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spelling The Impact of Competitive Fatigue on Physiological Variables in National Level Youth SwimmersLópez Hernández, AlejandroTurner, Anthony P.Lam, Hui Kwan NicholasSimón Piqueras, Juan ÁngelMuñoz de la Cruz, VioletaGonzález Ravé, José MaríaBlood lactateCMJHeart rateNeuromuscular fatiguePhysiological monitoringRPESwimming performanceYouth swimmersBackground: This study investigated the impact of competitive fatigue on physiological (blood lactate and heart rate [HR]), neuromuscular (countermovement jump [CMJ]), and psychological (rate of perceived exertion [RPE]) variables in youth swimmers. Methods: Forty-two swimmers (mean ± SD, 14 ± 0.5 years; height for boys: 1.73 ± 0.03 m, girls: 1.69 ± 0.02 m; body mass: 67 ± 2.8 kg for boys and 62 ± 2.8 kg for girls) participated during a four-day championship, with data collected before and after their competition heats. Results: Significant post-race increases in lactate levels (p < 0.05) and RPE (p < 0.05) were observed across all distances, particularly after the 100 m and 200+ m events. Heart rate showed a decrease after the 50 m event and an increase after longer distances, reflecting different recovery demands. Although CMJ performance decreased after the races, these changes were not statistically significant (p = 0.810). The findings underscore the importance of race distance in modulating fatigue responses and suggest that RPE and lactate are the most sensitive indicators of competition-induced stress in these youth swimmers. Conclusions: Lactate accumulation and perceived exertion were the most sensitive indicators of fatigue (both p < 0.01), while HR and CMJ responses exhibited variability depending on race distance. These findings highlight the practical use of lactate and RPE monitoring related to fatigue and recovery strategies during competitions in youth swimmers.MDPI202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10030256https://hdl.handle.net/10578/44168reponame:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLMinstname:Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaInglés2023-GRIN-34236info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/441682026-05-27T07:36:41Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The Impact of Competitive Fatigue on Physiological Variables in National Level Youth Swimmers
title The Impact of Competitive Fatigue on Physiological Variables in National Level Youth Swimmers
spellingShingle The Impact of Competitive Fatigue on Physiological Variables in National Level Youth Swimmers
López Hernández, Alejandro
Blood lactate
CMJ
Heart rate
Neuromuscular fatigue
Physiological monitoring
RPE
Swimming performance
Youth swimmers
title_short The Impact of Competitive Fatigue on Physiological Variables in National Level Youth Swimmers
title_full The Impact of Competitive Fatigue on Physiological Variables in National Level Youth Swimmers
title_fullStr The Impact of Competitive Fatigue on Physiological Variables in National Level Youth Swimmers
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of Competitive Fatigue on Physiological Variables in National Level Youth Swimmers
title_sort The Impact of Competitive Fatigue on Physiological Variables in National Level Youth Swimmers
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv López Hernández, Alejandro
Turner, Anthony P.
Lam, Hui Kwan Nicholas
Simón Piqueras, Juan Ángel
Muñoz de la Cruz, Violeta
González Ravé, José María
author López Hernández, Alejandro
author_facet López Hernández, Alejandro
Turner, Anthony P.
Lam, Hui Kwan Nicholas
Simón Piqueras, Juan Ángel
Muñoz de la Cruz, Violeta
González Ravé, José María
author_role author
author2 Turner, Anthony P.
Lam, Hui Kwan Nicholas
Simón Piqueras, Juan Ángel
Muñoz de la Cruz, Violeta
González Ravé, José María
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Blood lactate
CMJ
Heart rate
Neuromuscular fatigue
Physiological monitoring
RPE
Swimming performance
Youth swimmers
topic Blood lactate
CMJ
Heart rate
Neuromuscular fatigue
Physiological monitoring
RPE
Swimming performance
Youth swimmers
description Background: This study investigated the impact of competitive fatigue on physiological (blood lactate and heart rate [HR]), neuromuscular (countermovement jump [CMJ]), and psychological (rate of perceived exertion [RPE]) variables in youth swimmers. Methods: Forty-two swimmers (mean ± SD, 14 ± 0.5 years; height for boys: 1.73 ± 0.03 m, girls: 1.69 ± 0.02 m; body mass: 67 ± 2.8 kg for boys and 62 ± 2.8 kg for girls) participated during a four-day championship, with data collected before and after their competition heats. Results: Significant post-race increases in lactate levels (p < 0.05) and RPE (p < 0.05) were observed across all distances, particularly after the 100 m and 200+ m events. Heart rate showed a decrease after the 50 m event and an increase after longer distances, reflecting different recovery demands. Although CMJ performance decreased after the races, these changes were not statistically significant (p = 0.810). The findings underscore the importance of race distance in modulating fatigue responses and suggest that RPE and lactate are the most sensitive indicators of competition-induced stress in these youth swimmers. Conclusions: Lactate accumulation and perceived exertion were the most sensitive indicators of fatigue (both p < 0.01), while HR and CMJ responses exhibited variability depending on race distance. These findings highlight the practical use of lactate and RPE monitoring related to fatigue and recovery strategies during competitions in youth swimmers.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10030256
https://hdl.handle.net/10578/44168
url https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10030256
https://hdl.handle.net/10578/44168
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 2023-GRIN-34236
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
instname:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
instname_str Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
reponame_str RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
collection RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,812429

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