Gas infall via accretion disk feeding Cepheus A HW2

The star-forming region Cepheus A hosts a very young star, called HW2, that is the second closest to us growing a dozen times more massive than our Sun. The circumstellar environment surrounding HW2 has been the subject of extensive debate on the possible presence of an accretion disk, whose existen...

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Autores: Sanna, Alberto, Oliva, Andrè, Moscadelli, Luca, Carrasco-González, Carlos, Giannetti, Andrea, Sabatini, Giovanni, Beltrán, María Teresa, Brogan, C., Hunter, Todd R., Torrelles, José M., Rodríguez-Kamenetzky, Adriana, Caratti o Garatti, Alessio, Kuiper, Rolf
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/399910
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/399910
http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.15070v1
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Circumstellar matter
Stars: formation
Stars: kinematics and dynamics
Stars: massive
Stars: protostars
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oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/399910
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Gas infall via accretion disk feeding Cepheus A HW2
title Gas infall via accretion disk feeding Cepheus A HW2
spellingShingle Gas infall via accretion disk feeding Cepheus A HW2
Sanna, Alberto
Circumstellar matter
Stars: formation
Stars: kinematics and dynamics
Stars: massive
Stars: protostars
title_short Gas infall via accretion disk feeding Cepheus A HW2
title_full Gas infall via accretion disk feeding Cepheus A HW2
title_fullStr Gas infall via accretion disk feeding Cepheus A HW2
title_full_unstemmed Gas infall via accretion disk feeding Cepheus A HW2
title_sort Gas infall via accretion disk feeding Cepheus A HW2
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Sanna, Alberto
Oliva, Andrè
Moscadelli, Luca
Carrasco-González, Carlos
Giannetti, Andrea
Sabatini, Giovanni
Beltrán, María Teresa
Brogan, C.
Hunter, Todd R.
Torrelles, José M.
Rodríguez-Kamenetzky, Adriana
Caratti o Garatti, Alessio
Kuiper, Rolf
author Sanna, Alberto
author_facet Sanna, Alberto
Oliva, Andrè
Moscadelli, Luca
Carrasco-González, Carlos
Giannetti, Andrea
Sabatini, Giovanni
Beltrán, María Teresa
Brogan, C.
Hunter, Todd R.
Torrelles, José M.
Rodríguez-Kamenetzky, Adriana
Caratti o Garatti, Alessio
Kuiper, Rolf
author_role author
author2 Oliva, Andrè
Moscadelli, Luca
Carrasco-González, Carlos
Giannetti, Andrea
Sabatini, Giovanni
Beltrán, María Teresa
Brogan, C.
Hunter, Todd R.
Torrelles, José M.
Rodríguez-Kamenetzky, Adriana
Caratti o Garatti, Alessio
Kuiper, Rolf
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica
State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Switzerland)
Universidad de Costa Rica
European Commission
European Research Council
Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (México)
Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Sanna, Alberto [0000-0001-7960-4912]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Circumstellar matter
Stars: formation
Stars: kinematics and dynamics
Stars: massive
Stars: protostars
topic Circumstellar matter
Stars: formation
Stars: kinematics and dynamics
Stars: massive
Stars: protostars
description The star-forming region Cepheus A hosts a very young star, called HW2, that is the second closest to us growing a dozen times more massive than our Sun. The circumstellar environment surrounding HW2 has been the subject of extensive debate on the possible presence of an accretion disk, whose existence is at the foundation of our current paradigm of star formation. Here, we look to answer this long-standing question by resolving the gaseous disk component and its kinematics through sensitive observations at centrimetre (cm) wavelengths of hot ammonia (NH3) with the Jansky Very Large Array. We mapped the accretion disk surrounding HW2 at radii between 200 and 700 au, showing how fast circumstellar gas collapses and slowly orbits to pile up near the young star at very high rates of 2 × 10−3 M⊙ yr−1. These results, corroborated by state-of-the-art simulations, show that an accretion disk is still efficient in terms of focusing huge mass-infall rates near the young star, even after this star had already achieved a large mass of 16 M⊙.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/399910
http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.15070v1
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/399910
http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.15070v1
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/833925
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2023-146675NB-I00
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/CEX2020-001058-M
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450330

dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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spelling Gas infall via accretion disk feeding Cepheus A HW2Sanna, AlbertoOliva, AndrèMoscadelli, LucaCarrasco-González, CarlosGiannetti, AndreaSabatini, GiovanniBeltrán, María TeresaBrogan, C.Hunter, Todd R.Torrelles, José M.Rodríguez-Kamenetzky, AdrianaCaratti o Garatti, AlessioKuiper, RolfCircumstellar matterStars: formationStars: kinematics and dynamicsStars: massiveStars: protostarsThe star-forming region Cepheus A hosts a very young star, called HW2, that is the second closest to us growing a dozen times more massive than our Sun. The circumstellar environment surrounding HW2 has been the subject of extensive debate on the possible presence of an accretion disk, whose existence is at the foundation of our current paradigm of star formation. Here, we look to answer this long-standing question by resolving the gaseous disk component and its kinematics through sensitive observations at centrimetre (cm) wavelengths of hot ammonia (NH3) with the Jansky Very Large Array. We mapped the accretion disk surrounding HW2 at radii between 200 and 700 au, showing how fast circumstellar gas collapses and slowly orbits to pile up near the young star at very high rates of 2 × 10−3 M⊙ yr−1. These results, corroborated by state-of-the-art simulations, show that an accretion disk is still efficient in terms of focusing huge mass-infall rates near the young star, even after this star had already achieved a large mass of 16 M⊙.Comments from an anonymous referee, which helped improving our paper, are gratefully acknowledged. This paper makes use of data obtained with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO). The NRAO is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This paper makes use of the Grenoble Image and Line Data Analysis Software (GILDAS) – https://www.iram.fr/IRAMFR/GILDAS. A.S. acknowledges financial support from the INAF-Minigrant 2022 “Feasibility project for the ngVLA: a Science Case with Masers” (ngVLAmas, P.I.: A. Sanna). A.O. acknowledges financial support from the State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation of the Swiss Confederation via their program “Swiss Government Excellence Scholarships for Foreign Students 2023/2024”, the Office of International Affairs and External Cooperation of the University of Costa Rica, and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 833925, project STAREX). C.C.-G. acknowledges support from UNAM DGAPA-PAPIIT grant IG101224 and from CONAHCyT Ciencia de Frontera project ID 86372. G.S acknowledges the project PRIN-MUR 2020 MUR BEYOND-2p “Astrochemistry beyond the second period elements” (Prot. 2020AFB3FX) and the INAF-Minigrant 2023 “TRacing the chemIcal hEritage of our originS: from proTostars to planEts” (TRIESTE, PI: G. Sabatini). J.M.T. acknowledges partial support from the PID2023-146675NB grant funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and by the program Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M. A.C.G. acknowledges support from PRIN-MUR 2022 20228JPA3A “The path to star and planet formation in the JWST era” (PATH) funded by NextGeneration EU, by INAF-GoG 2022 “NIR-dark Accretion Outbursts in Massive Young stellar objects” (NAOMY), and by Large Grant INAF 2022 “YSOs Outflows, Disks and Accretion: towards a global framework for the evolution of planet forming systems” (YODA).With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2020-001058-M)Peer reviewedEDP SciencesIstituto Nazionale di AstrofisicaState Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Switzerland)Universidad de Costa RicaEuropean CommissionEuropean Research CouncilConsejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (México)Ministero dell'Università e della RicercaAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Sanna, Alberto [0000-0001-7960-4912]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/399910http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.15070v1reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/833925info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2023-146675NB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/CEX2020-001058-Mhttps://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450330Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3999102026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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